All countries,weighted %(n) (n = 13 194) | England,weighted %(n) (n = 8309) | Wales,weighted %(n) (n = 1987) | Scotland,weighted %(n) (n = 1610) | Northern Ireland,weighted %(n) (n = 1288) | |
Socio-demographic characteristics | |||||
Child’s ethnic group | |||||
White | 87.4 (11 142) | 85.2 (6365) | 96.9 (1921) | 98.0 (1577) | 99.6 (1279) |
Mixed | 3.0 (359) | 3.5 (316) | 1.6 (33) | 0.4 (6) | 0.2 (4) |
Indian | 1.9 (337) | 2.2 (328) | 0.1 (4) | 0.3 (5) | 0 (0) |
Pakistani or Bangladeshi | 4.0 (791) | 4.7 (766) | 0.6 (13) | 0.7 (11) | 0.1 (1) |
Black Caribbean or Black African | 2.6 (376) | 3.0 (362) | 0.4 (7) | 0.5 (7) | 0 (0) |
Other ethnic group | 1.1 (162) | 1.3 (151) | 0.5 (8) | 0.1 (2) | 0.1 (1) |
Missing (n) | 27 | 21 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
Maternal socio-economic circumstances | |||||
Managerial and professional occupations | 30.5 (3771) | 30.5 (2321) | 27.3 (500) | 33.4 (576) | 29.5 (374) |
Small employers and own account workers | 4.1 (474) | 4.3 (317) | 3.3 (63) | 3.2 (55) | 3.4 (39) |
Intermediate occupations | 18.4 (2299) | 18.4 (1439) | 16.5 (320) | 19.1 (308) | 18.4 (232) |
Lower supervisory and technical occupations | 5.3 (721) | 5.1 (411) | 6.5 (129) | 6.1 (92) | 6.8 (89) |
Semi-routine and routine occupations | 34.9 (4625) | 34.5 (2822) | 39.3 (803) | 35.1 (525) | 37.3 (475) |
Never worked and long-term unemployed | 6.8 (1144) | 7.3 (900) | 7.0 (146) | 3.0 (39) | 4.6 (59) |
Missing (n) | 160 | 99 | 26 | 15 | 20 |
Family income | |||||
£0–11 000 per annum | 22.1 (3056) | 21.9 (1922) | 25.6 (517) | 21.6 (313) | 24.7 (304) |
£11 000–22 000 per annum | 28.2 (3874) | 27.5 (2373) | 31.3 (637) | 28.8 (445) | 33.2 (419) |
£22 000–33 000 per annum | 22.5 (2792) | 22.8 (1768) | 21.1 (406) | 22.6 (373) | 20.2 (245) |
£33 000+ per annum | 27.2 (3165) | 27.9 (2045) | 22.0 (401) | 27.1 (454) | 22.1 (265) |
Missing (n) | 307 | 201 | 26 | 25 | 55 |
Maternal highest academic qualification* | |||||
GCSE grades A–C or higher | 74.3 (9597) | 73.8 (5932) | 71.1 (1389) | 81.1 (1326) | 73.3 (950) |
GCSE grades D–G or lower | 25.7 (3570) | 26.2 (2361) | 29.0 (594) | 18.9 (282) | 26.7 (333) |
Missing (n) | 27 | 16 | 4 | 2 | 5 |
Lone motherhood status | |||||
Non-lone mother | 85.9 (11 220) | 86.5 (7168) | 81.8 (1610) | 85.1 (1392) | 81.7 (1050) |
Lone mother | 14.1 (1974) | 13.5 (1141) | 18.3 (377) | 14.9 (218) | 18.3 (238) |
Missing (n) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mean age at first live birth (years) (SD) | 25.3 (5.6) | 25.5 (5.6) | 24.3 (5.5) | 26.1 (5.8) | 25.1 (5.2) |
Missing (n) | 373 | 298 | 19 | 42 | 14 |
Other risk factors | |||||
Maternal prepregnancy overweight | |||||
Normal weight | 71.5 (8769) | 71.6 (5478) | 69.7 (1312) | 72.5 (1109) | 70.4 (870) |
Overweight (including obesity) | 28.5 (3651) | 28.4 (2257) | 30.3 (597) | 27.5 (430) | 29.6 (367) |
Missing (n) | 774 | 574 | 78 | 71 | 51 |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy | |||||
No | 65.4 (8622) | 66.4 (5680) | 58.3 (1132) | 61.9 (1027) | 61.8 (783) |
Yes | 34.6 (4517) | 33.6 (2591) | 41.7 (848) | 38.1 (578) | 38.2 (500) |
Missing (n) | 55 | 38 | 7 | 5 | 5 |
Mean birthweight (kg) (SD) | 3.4 (0.6) | 3.3 (0.6) | 3.4 (0.5) | 3.4 (0.5) | 3.5 (0.5) |
Missing (n) | 28 | 18 | 4 | 2 | 4 |
Breastfeeding duration | |||||
Never breastfed | 30.2 (4205) | 28.1 (2256) | 36.6 (745) | 37.9 (560) | 50.1 (644) |
<4 months | 41.8 (5518) | 42.6 (3600) | 41.7 (836) | 36.4 (605) | 36.5 (477) |
⩾4 months | 28.0 (3455) | 29.3 (2444) | 21.8 (403) | 25.8 (444) | 13.5 (164) |
Missing (n) | 16 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 3 |
Introduction of solid foods | |||||
⩾4 months | 64.4 (8545) | 65.4 (5617) | 58.9 (1167) | 61.1 (995) | 59.8 (766) |
<4 months | 35.6 (4638) | 34.6 (2685) | 41.2 (820) | 38.9 (614) | 40.2 (519) |
Missing (n) | 11 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
Television viewing daily | |||||
Less than 1 h | 23.3 (3057) | 23.3 (1936) | 20.8 (399) | 24.6 (398) | 26.0 (324) |
1–2 h | 59.7 (7748) | 59.6 (4841) | 58.2 (1147) | 60.7 (982) | 60.0 (778) |
3+ h | 17.0 (2357) | 17.1 (1514) | 21.0 (435) | 14.7 (226) | 14.0 (182) |
Missing (n) | 32 | 18 | 6 | 4 | 4 |
*GCSE is an abbreviation for General Certificate of Secondary Education, a qualification taken by secondary school students aged approximately 14–16 years.