| Variable | Moderate facial asymmetry | Moderate vertex asymmetry | ||||
| Yes(n = 6) | No(n = 96) | p Value* | Yes(n = 11) | No(n = 91) | p Value* | |
| Maternal age (years) | 32.8 (4.8) | 27.7 (6.8) | 0.07 | 31.9 (6.5) | 27.5 (6.7) | 0.04 |
| Non-white race/ethnicity | 2 (33) | 67 (70) | 0.08 | 3 (27) | 66 (73) | 0.01 |
| Primiparity | 5 (83) | 37 (39) | 0.08 | 6 (55) | 36 (40) | 0.35 |
| >6 weeks “stuck” | 3 (50) | 20 (21) | 0.13 | 2 (18) | 21 (23) | 1.00 |
| Delivery: caesarean emergency or FTP† | 1/2 (50) | 10/24 (42) | 1.00 | 2/3 (67) | 9/23 (39) | 0.56 |
| Delivery: forceps‡ | 4/4 (100) | 7/71 (10) | <0.001 | 4/8 (50) | 7/67 (10) | 0.01 |
| >60 min pushing | 4 (67) | 20 (21) | 0.03 | 5 (46) | 19 (21) | 0.12 |
| Birth trauma | 4 (67) | 6 (6) | 0.001 | 5 (46) | 5 (6) | 0.001 |
| Male sex | 2 (33) | 54 (56) | 0.41 | 4 (36) | 52 (57) | 0.22 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3903 (345) | 3453 (478) | 0.03 | 3534 (813) | 3473 (433) | 0.81 |
| Birth length (cm) | 53.0 (1.2) | 50.9 (2.2) | 0.02 | 51.8 (2.1) | 50.9 (2.2) | 0.19 |
| Birth head (cm) | 35.5 (1.1) | 34.4 (1.4) | 0.05 | 34.5 (2.1) | 34.4 (1.3) | 0.89 |
Values are n (%) or mean (SD).
*Unpaired t test or Fisher exact test.
†Emergency or failure to progress (FTP) caesarean vs elective caesarean delivery.
‡Forceps-assisted vaginal delivery vs normal vaginal delivery.