Table 2

 Associations between gender, child atopy, dampness, smoking, siblings, maternal education, parental ethnicity, and respiratory infections

Otitis media (n = 470)Tonsillopharyngitis (n = 737)Lower respiratory tract infections (n = 275)
cORaORcORaORcORaOR
Results expressed as crude (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses.
The risk factors gender, child atopy, dampness, smoking, siblings, maternal education, parental ethnicity, and siblings were included in multivariate logistic regression analysis in order to control for potential confounding effects.
Gender
    MaleRef.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
    Female1.2 (1.0–1.5)1.2 (1.0–1.5)1.1 (1.0 –1.3)1.2 (1.0 –1.4)0.8 (0.6–1.1)0.9 (0.7–1.1)
Atopy
    Non-atopic childrenRef.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
    Atopic children1.4 (1.1–1.8)1.4 (1.1–1.8)1.4 (1.2–1.7)1.4 (1.1–1.7)2.4 (1.9–3.1)2.4 (1.8–3.1)
Home environment
    No dampnessRef.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
    Home dampness1.3 (1.0–1.6)1.2 (1.0–1.5)1.4 (1.2–1.7)1.4 (1.1–1.6)1.4 (1.1–1.8)1.3 (1.0–1.7)
    No smokingRef.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
    Smoking by care-giver1.1 (0.9–1.4)1.2 (0.9–1.5)1.0 (0.8–1.2)1.1 (0.9–1.3)1.2 (0.9–1.5)1.2 (0.9–1.6)
    No siblingsRef.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
    Siblings1.1 (0.8–1.6)1.2 (0.8–1.6)1.0 (0.8–1.4)1.1 (0.8–1.4)0.9 (0.6–1.3)1.0 (0.6–1.4)
Maternal education
    <12 years1.2 (0.9–1.5)1.1 (0.8–1.4)1.1 (0.9–1.3)0.9 (0.7–1.1)1.0 (0.8–1.4)0.9 (0.6–1.2)
    12–15 years1.1 (0.9–1.5)1.1 (0.9–1.5)1.1 (0.9–1.3)0.9 (0.7–1.1)1.0 (0.8–1.4)0.9 (0.6–1.3)
    <15 yearsRef.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
Parental ethnicity
    CaucasianRef.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.Ref.
    African1.4 (1.0–2.1)1.5 (1.0–2.2)1.7 (1.2–2.3)1.7 (1.2–2.3)1.7 (1.1–2.6)1.6 (1.0–2.6)
    Asian1.2 (0.9–1.6)1.2 (0.9–1.7)1.5 (1.2–1.9)1.6 (1.2–2.0)1.2 (0.9–1.0)1.2 (0.8–1.8)