Associations between gender, child atopy, dampness, smoking, siblings, maternal education, parental ethnicity, and respiratory infections
| Otitis media (n = 470) | Tonsillopharyngitis (n = 737) | Lower respiratory tract infections (n = 275) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cOR | aOR | cOR | aOR | cOR | aOR | |
| Results expressed as crude (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses. | ||||||
| The risk factors gender, child atopy, dampness, smoking, siblings, maternal education, parental ethnicity, and siblings were included in multivariate logistic regression analysis in order to control for potential confounding effects. | ||||||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Female | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 1.1 (1.0 –1.3) | 1.2 (1.0 –1.4) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) |
| Atopy | ||||||
| Non-atopic children | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Atopic children | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 2.4 (1.9–3.1) | 2.4 (1.8–3.1) |
| Home environment | ||||||
| No dampness | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Home dampness | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | 1.4 (1.1–1.6) | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) |
| No smoking | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Smoking by care-giver | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) |
| No siblings | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Siblings | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 1.0 (0.6–1.4) |
| Maternal education | ||||||
| <12 years | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) |
| 12–15 years | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) |
| <15 years | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Parental ethnicity | ||||||
| Caucasian | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| African | 1.4 (1.0–2.1) | 1.5 (1.0–2.2) | 1.7 (1.2–2.3) | 1.7 (1.2–2.3) | 1.7 (1.1–2.6) | 1.6 (1.0–2.6) |
| Asian | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | 1.6 (1.2–2.0) | 1.2 (0.9–1.0) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) |