Quality of cohort studies examining the effect of circumcision on urinary tract infection in male subjects
Reference | Definition of UTI | Determination of circumcision status | Exclusion criteria | Follow up | Adjustment for confounding variables | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | SES | Ethnicity | |||||||||
ICD-9,International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision; KPNC, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Northern California, USA; OHIP, Ontario Health Insurance Plan; SES, socioeconomic status. | |||||||||||
Schoen et al22 | >108/l pure growth in 90% from any means of collection | Inpatients: ICD-9 coding for circumcision in neonatal hospital stay | Patient not within health plan for full duration of study | <1 year | No | No | No | ||||
Source unknown in 4% | Outpatients: ICD-9 from KPNC database for outpatient circumcision | ||||||||||
Determined by retrospective database search and confirmed by review of case records of random selection of 52 cases | |||||||||||
To et al1 | Inpatients: ICD-9 coding (kidney infection, cystitis, urethritis or urinary tract infection) | The Canadian classification procedure code during the first month of life | Older than 1 month of age at time of circumcision, multiple birth, stillbirth, birth complications and lack of health care number | 2–3 years for inpatient cases | No | Yes | No | ||||
Outpatients: OHIP data | <1 year for outpatient cases | ||||||||||
Determined by retrospective database search | |||||||||||
Wiswell and Hachey6 | Not specified | US Army patient administration systems and biostatistics activity database | Bag urine specimen, congenital abnormality, or predisposition to UTI (not specified) | <1 year | No | No | No | ||||
Determined by retrospective database search | |||||||||||
Wiswell et al5 | Not specified | US Army patient administration systems and biostatistics activity database | Congenital abnormality or predisposition to UTI (not specified) | <1 year | No | No | No | ||||
Determined by retrospective database search |