Comparison of HbA1c results by patient characteristics in patients interviewed prior to their 16th birthday whose diabetes had been diagnosed for at least one year (n = 621)
| n (%) | Mean | SD | p | Adjusted* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effect (95% CI) | p | ||||||
| *Model contains sex, age, and duration. | |||||||
| †p value of test for trend across categories. | |||||||
| ‡Assessed from height velocity. | |||||||
| Gender | |||||||
| Boy | 313 (50.4) | 8.77 | 1.52 | 0.99 | 0 [reference category] | 0.92 | |
| Girl | 308 (49.6) | 8.77 | 1.54 | −0.01 | (−0.24 to 0.22) | ||
| Age | |||||||
| 0–5 years | 48 (7.7) | 8.32 | 1.43 | <0.0001 | 0 [reference category] | <0.0001 | |
| 6–10 years | 202 (32.5) | 8.29 | 1.01 | −0.15 | (−0.62 to 0.32) | ||
| 11–15 years | 371 (59.7) | 9.09 | 1.69 | +0.58 | (0.12 to 1.04) | ||
| Pubertal status‡ | |||||||
| Pre | 366 (58.9) | 8.57 | 1.35 | 0.0006 | 0 [reference category] | 0.55 | |
| Peri | 111 (17.8) | 9.12 | 1.78 | −0.05 | (−0.44 to 0.33) | ||
| Post | 137 (22.1) | 9.04 | 1.69 | −0.14 | (−0.52 to 0.24) | ||
| Unknown | 7 (1.1) | 8.31 | 1.36 | −0.76 | (−1.88 to 0.36) | ||
| Duration of diabetes | |||||||
| 12–18 months | 101 (16.3) | 8.29 | 1.46 | 0.001 | 0 [reference category] | 0.01 | |
| 19 months–5 years | 332 (53.5) | 8.72 | 1.44 | +0.39 | (0.06 to 0.72) | ||
| Over 5 years | 188 (30.3) | 9.11 | 1.65 | +0.58 | (0.21 to 0.95) | ||
| SDS height (fifths) | |||||||
| 1st shortest | 120 (19.4) | 9.16 | 1.77 | 0.03 | 0 [reference category] | 0.09 | |
| 2nd | 127 (20.5) | 8.70 | 1.30 | (0.007)† | −0.40 | (−0.76 to −0.03) | (0.02)† |
| 3rd | 122 (19.7) | 8.71 | 1.51 | −0.32 | (−0.70 to 0.05) | ||
| 4th | 138 (22.3) | 8.73 | 1.55 | −0.37 | (−0.73 to 0.00) | ||
| 5th tallest | 113 (18.2) | 8.54 | 1.43 | −0.52 | (−0.90 to −0.14) | ||
| SDS weight (fifths) | |||||||
| 1st lightest | 121 (19.5) | 9.10 | 1.65 | 0.05 | 0 [reference category] | 0.07 | |
| 2nd | 129 (20.8) | 8.82 | 1.58 | (0.007)† | −0.25 | (−0.62 to 0.11) | (0.008)† |
| 3rd | 129 (20.8) | 8.73 | 1.36 | −0.30 | (−0.67 to 0.07) | ||
| 4th | 118 (19.0) | 8.53 | 1.61 | −0.52 | (−0.90 to −0.15) | ||
| 5th heaviest | 124 (20.0) | 8.65 | 1.40 | −0.43 | (−0.80 to −0.06) | ||
| SDS BMI (fifths) | |||||||
| 1st lowest | 116 (18.7) | 8.93 | 1.57 | 0.55 | 0 [reference category] | 0.68 | |
| 2nd | 118 (19.0) | 8.82 | 1.52 | (0.10)† | −0.08 | (−0.47 to0.30) | (0.13)† |
| 3rd | 134 (21.6) | 8.81 | 1.59 | −0.10 | (−0.47 to 0.27) | ||
| 4th | 128 (20.6) | 8.64 | 1.53 | −0.19 | (−0.57 to 0.18) | ||
| 5th greatest | 125 (20.1) | 8.66 | 1.43 | −0.26 | (−0.64 to 0.11) | ||
| Family history of type 1 diabetes mellitus | |||||||
| None | 534 (86.0) | 8.73 | 1.54 | 0.21 | 0 [reference category] | 0.35 | |
| Parent | 53 (8.5) | 8.91 | 1.48 | +0.14 | (−0.28 to 0.56) | ||
| Sibling only | 34 (5.5) | 9.17 | 1.37 | +0.35 | (−0.16 to 0.86) | ||
| Both natural parents live at home | |||||||
| Yes | 514 (82.8) | 8.66 | 1.45 | 0.0008 | 0 [reference category] | 0.004 | |
| No | 90 (14.5) | 9.30 | 1.83 | +0.55 | (0.22 to 0.88) | ||
| Unknown | 17 (2.7) | 9.11 | 1.45 | +0.36 | (−0.35 to 1.07) | ||
| Deprivation of home address (fifths) | |||||||
| 1st affluent | 115 (18.5) | 8.75 | 1.42 | 0.88 | 0 [reference category] | 0.90 | |
| 2nd | 121 (19.5) | 8.67 | 1.35 | (0.79)† | +0.03 | (−0.35 to 0.41) | (0.69)† |
| 3rd | 133 (21.4) | 8.88 | 1.77 | +0.17 | (−0.20 to 0.54) | ||
| 4th | 125 (20.1) | 8.76 | 1.59 | +0.12 | (−0.26 to 0.50) | ||
| 5th deprived | 127 (20.5) | 8.77 | 1.46 | +0.04 | (−0.33 to 0.42) | ||
| Primary occupation | |||||||
| Non-manual | 319 (51.4) | 8.68 | 1.51 | 0.0004 | 0 [reference category] | 0.005 | |
| Manual | 218 (35.1) | 8.66 | 1.41 | +0.03 | (−0.22 to 0.28) | ||
| Unclassifiable | 84 (13.5) | 9.38 | 1.74 | +0.58 | (0.22 to 0.93) | ||