Neurology controls, clinical diagnosis (n = 100)
| Patients denoted with * had positive ABGA Western immunoblotting. | |
| Dystonic (n = 32) | |
| Encephalitis | Invasive (n = 5) (HSV, EBV, VZV) |
| Inflammatory (n = 4) (Aicardi Goittieres and Coats disease) | |
| Rasmussen’s encephalitis (n = 2) | |
| SSPE (n = 1) | |
| Vascular | Basal ganglia stroke (n = 6) |
| Vasculitis (n = 1) | |
| Metabolic | Kernicterus, mitochondrial cytopathy, Batten’s disease, Lesch Nyhan, Sanfillipo, Glutaric aciduria type 1 (n = 1 each) |
| Other | Status dystonicus* (n = 2), nvCJD, basal ganglia tumour, athetoid cerebral palsy, drug induced rigidity, juvenile Parkinson’s (n = 1 each) |
| Encephalitis with no extrapyramidal features (n = 17) | |
| Invasive | Unidentified organism* (n = 12), HSV (n = 2), mycoplasma (n = 1), adenoviral (n = 1), neurocysticosis (n = 1) |
| Immune mediated CNS disorders (n = 45) | |
| Demyelinating disorders | Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (non-streptococcal) (n = 16) |
| Multiphasic disseminated encephalomyelitis (n = 2) | |
| Multiple sclerosis (n = 4) | |
| Optic neuritis (n = 3) | |
| “Autoimmune disorders” | Rasmussen’s encephalitis (n = 1) |
| Rasmussen’s encephalitis (n = 1) | |
| Dancing eyes syndrome (n = 9) | |
| Post-infectious ataxia/cerebellitis* (n = 7) | |
| CINCA (n = 3) | |
| Other neurology controls (n = 6) | |
| Epilepsy (n = 3), myasthenia gravis (n = 1), metachromatic leukodystrophy* (n = 1), Bell’s palsy (n = 1) | |