Association between determinants (current maternal depression, postpartum maternal depression, low maternal intelligence, and low birth weight) and infant malnutrition
| Characteristic | No. of cases (%) (n = 72) | No. of controls (%) (n = 72) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | Adjusted odds ratio* (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Adjusted odds ratios calculated using conditional logistic regression. The following variables were included in the conditional logistic regression analysis: current maternal depression, postpartum depression, low maternal intelligence, low birth weight, socioeconomic status, duration of exclusive breast feeding, duration of supplementary breast feeding, immunisation status, and mother’s literacy. Low maternal intelligence, postpartum depression, and low birth weight were independent risk factors for infant malnutrition even after adjustment for other determinants. The interactions between current maternal depression and low birth weight (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.2 to 2.8; p = 0.003) and between postpartum depression and low maternal intelligence (OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.6 to 6.8; p = 0.001) were significant. | ||||||
| Postpartum major depression | 9 (12.5) | 2 (2.8) | 5.0 (1.0 to 24.0) | 0.03 | 7.4 (1.6 to 38.5) | 0.01 |
| Current major depression in mothers | 14 (19.4) | 5 (6.9) | 3.2 (1.1 to 9.5) | 0.03 | 3.1 (0.9 to 9.7) | 0.05 |
| Maternal intelligence (IQ 70 or less) | 16 (22.2) | 5 (6.9) | 3.8 (1.3 to 11.1) | 0.01 | 4.6 (1.5 to 14.1) | 0.01 |
| Low birth weight (2.0–2.4 kg) | 21 (29.2) | 9 (12.5) | 2.9 (1.2 to 6.8) | 0.02 | 2.7 (2.5 to 6.8) | 0.03 |