The amount of total daily crying pre- and post-intervention
| Swaddling | Massage | |
|---|---|---|
| Results expressed as mean (SE). | ||
| *Significantly different between pre- and post-intervention. The amount of total daily crying decreased significantly in the swaddling group (p<0.01), but not in the massage group. | ||
| †Significantly different between the two groups. The mean difference of the amount of total daily crying was significantly greater in the swaddling group than in the massage group (p = 0.01). | ||
| Pre-intervention | 10.8 (0.7) | 10.7 (0.7) |
| Post-intervention | 7.7 (0.6)* | 10.2 (0.7) |
| Mean difference | −3.1 (0.5)† | −0.5 (0.8) |