Characteristics of study subjects
| Swaddling | Massage | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HIE, hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy; PVL, periventricular leukomalacia; IVH, intraventricular haemorrhage. | |||
| *Median (range). | |||
| †Average (SD). | |||
| ‡Mann-Whitney U test. | |||
| §Fisher’s exact test. | |||
| ¶t test. | |||
| **χ2 test. | |||
| No. of subjects | 13 | 12 | |
| Gender (M/F) | 10/3 | 9/3 | 1.00§ |
| Birth weight (g)* | 1580 (1166–280) | 1379 (765–150) | 0.31‡ |
| Low birth weight infants (yes) | 8 | 6 | 0.70§ |
| Gestational age at birth (weeks)† | 33.4 (5.3) | 34.3 (5.6) | 0.81¶ |
| Age on entry into trial after birth (weeks)† | 11.6 (5.1) | 11.3 (5.6) | 0.89¶ |
| Apgar score | |||
| 1 min† | 3.6 (2.0) | 4.3 (1.9) | 0.68¶ |
| 5 min† | 5.5 (2.2) | 5.9 (1.8) | 0.96¶ |
| Diagnosis | |||
| HIE/PVL/IVH/other | 4/6/1/2 | 4/5/1/2 | 1.00** |
| Feeding type before intervention | |||
| Mostly breast fed/mostly formula fed | 1/12 | 2/10 | 0.59§ |
| Maternal age† | 30.8 (3.9) | 31.2 (3.5) | 0.82¶ |
| Single mother (yes) | 0 | 0 | |
| Siblings (yes) | 3 | 4 | 0.67§ |
| Maternal education (under high school) | 0 | 0 | |