Clinical presentation, diagnostic methods at enrolment, therapeutic approaches, and clinical outcomes among the study children by influenza diagnosis
| Influenza diagnosis | ||
|---|---|---|
| Positive(n = 352) | Negative(n = 3419) | |
| *p<0.0001 and †p = 0.027 v influenza negative children; no other statistically significant differences. | ||
| Clinical presentation | ||
| Axillary temperature ⩾38°C (%) | 315 (89.4)* | 2393 (70.0) |
| Common cold (%) | 51 (14.4) | 463 (13.5) |
| Pharyngitis (%) | 168 (47.7) | 1537 (44.9) |
| Acute otitis media (%) | 37 (10.5)† | 514 (15.0) |
| Croup (%) | 52 (14.7)* | 273 (8.0) |
| Acute bronchitis (%) | 22 (6.2) | 307 (8.9) |
| Wheezing (%) | 11 (3.1) | 189 (5.5) |
| Pneumonia (%) | 11 (3.1) | 136 (4.0) |
| Diagnostic methods | ||
| Routine blood examinations (%) | 30 (8.5) | 307 (8.9) |
| Microbiological tests (%) | 15 (4.2) | 170 (4.9) |
| Chest radiography (%) | 15 (4.2) | 211 (6.2) |
| Therapeutic approaches | ||
| Antipyretic prescriptions (%) | 269 (76.4)* | 2051 (59.9) |
| Antipyretic use, mean (SD) days | 3.23 (1.44)* | 2.81 (1.45) |
| Antibiotic prescriptions (%) | 193 (54.8) | 1948 (56.9) |
| Antibiotic use, mean (SD) days | 7.72 (2.47) | 7.71 (2.45) |
| Clinical outcome | ||
| Hospitalisation (%) | 19 (3.9) | 173 (5.1) |
| Duration of hospitalisation, mean | 4.08 (1.61) | 4.67 (2.16) |
| (SD) days | ||
| Duration of fever, mean (SD) days | 3.03 (1.85)* | 2.12 (1.78) |
| Additional medical visits, mean | 0.68 (1.23) | 0.66 (1.01) |
| (SD) number | ||
| School absence, mean (SD) days | 5.10 (2.55)* | 4.25 (2.93) |