Comparison of baseline characteristics by clinical outcome on day 5 (enrolled patients, n = 787*)
| Variables | Well (n = 631) | Deterioration (n = 156) | OR (95% CI)†, p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| *n = 621, non-severe pneumonia with wheeze; n = 166, severe pneumonia with wheeze. | |||
| †Odds ratio and 95% CI reported for categorical variables. For continuous variables only p values are reported. | |||
| Demographic indicators | |||
| Male | 435 (68.9%) | 99 (63.5%) | 0.78 (0.53 to 1.15), 0.22 |
| Age 1–11 months | 290 (46.0%) | 95 (60.9%) | 1.83 (1.26 to 2.66), 0.01 |
| Median (IQR) | 6.0 (4.0–8.0) | 5.0 (3.0–8.0) | |
| Age 12–59 months | 341 (54.0%) | 61 (39.1%) | |
| Median (IQR) | 28.0 (18.0–38.5) | 21.0 (15.5–34.5) | |
| History and signs | |||
| Fever | 252 (39.9%) | 91 (58.3%) | 2.11 (1.44 to 3.03), <0.0001 |
| Difficult breathing | 612 (97.0%) | 154 (98.8%) | 3.77 (0.52 to 77.21), 0.29 |
| Duration of illness | |||
| Up to 2 days | 387 (61.3%) | 78 (50.0%) | |
| Median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.0–2.0) | 2.0 (1.0–2.0) | |
| More than 2 days | 244 (38.7%) | 78 (50.0%) | 1.59 (1.10 to 2.29), 0.01 |
| Median (IQR) | 3.0 (3.0–5.0) | 3.0 (3.0–4.2) | |
| No past history of wheezing episode | 247 (39.1%) | 84 (53.8%) | 1.81 (1.29 to 2.62), 0.01 |
| No family history of wheeze | 348 (55.2%) | 111 (71.2%) | 2.02 (1.36 to 3.02), 0.01 |
| Presence of audible wheeze | 151 (23.9%) | 54 (34.6%) | 1.68 (1.13 to 2.50), 0.01 |
| Actual temperature (in °F) | |||
| Up to 100°F | 621 (98.4%) | 141 (90.4%) | |
| Median (IQ Range) | 98.6 (98.6–98.6) | 98.6 (98.6–99.0) | |
| More than 100°F | 10 (1.6%) | 15 (9.6%) | 6.61(2.73 to 16.11), <0.0001 |
| Median (IQR) | 101.5 (100.3–102.3) | 100.8 (100.4–101.0) | |
| Weight for age Z score | |||
| Median (IQR) | −0.99 (−1.6 to −0.24) | −0.72 (−1.5 to −3.75) | 0.16 |
| Height for age Z score | |||
| Median (IQR) | −0.52 (−1.4 to 0.13) | −0.57 (−1.2 to 0.21) | 0.49 |
| ARI classification | |||
| Non-severe pneumonia with wheeze | 528 (83.6%) | 93 (59.6%) | |
| Severe pneumonia (lower chest indrawing) with wheeze | 103 (16.4%) | 63 (40.4%) | 3.47 (2.32 to 5.19), <0.0001 |