Comparison of baseline characteristics of responders and non-responders to inhaled bronchodilators at the time of screening (n = 1622)
| Variables | Responders (n = 787) | Non-responders (n = 835) | OR (95% CI)*, p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| *Odds ratio and 95% CI reported for categorical variables. For continuous variables only p values are reported. | |||
| Demographic indicators | |||
| Male | 534 (67.9%) | 534 (64.0%) | 0.84 (0.68 to 1.04), 0.11 |
| Age 1–11 months | 385 (48.9%) | 424 (50.8%) | 1.08 (0.88 to 1.32), 0.48 |
| Median (IQR) | 6.0 (4.0–8.0) | 5.0 (4.0–8.0) | |
| Age 12–59 months | 402 (51.1%) | 411 (49.2%) | |
| Median (IQR) | 25.5 (18.0–37.0) | 22.0 (15.0–34.0) | |
| History and signs | |||
| Fever | 343 (43.6%) | 691 (82.8%) | 6.48 (5.11 to 8.23), <0.00001 |
| Difficult breathing | 766 (97.3%) | 824 (98.7%) | 2.46 (0.95 to 6.62), 0.06 |
| Duration of illness | |||
| Up to 2 days | 465 (59.1%) | 437 (52.3%) | |
| Median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.0–2.0) | 2.0 (1.0–2.0) | |
| More than 2 days | 322 (40.9%) | 398 (47.7%) | 1.32 (1.08 to 1.61), 0.01 |
| Median (IQR) | 3.0 (3.0–4.0) | 3.0 (3.0–5.0) | |
| No past history of wheezing episode | 331 (42.1%) | 381 (45.6%) | 1.16 (0.95 to 1.41), 0.16 |
| No family history of wheeze | 459 (58.3%) | 506 (60.6%) | 1.10 (0.90 to 1.35), 0.36 |
| Presence of audible wheeze | 205 (26.0%) | 390 (46.7%) | 2.49 (2.01 to 3.08), <0.00001 |
| Actual temperature (in °F) | |||
| Up to 100°F | 762 (96.8%) | 689 (82.5%) | |
| Median (IQR) | 98.6 (98.6–98.6) | 99.0 (98.6–99.0) | |
| More than 100°F | 25 (3.2%) | 146 (17.5%) | 6.46 (4.10 to 10.2), <0.00001 |
| Median (IQR) | 100.8 (100.4–101.7) | 101.0 (100.2–101.2) | |
| Weight for age Z score | |||
| Median (IQR) | −0.95 (−1.6 to −0.22) | −0.95 (−1.7 to −0.18) | 0.69 |
| Height for age Z score | |||
| Median (IQR) | −0.52 (−1.3 to 0.16) | −0.66 (−1.4 to 8.0) | 0.38 |
| ARI classification | |||
| Non-severe pneumonia with wheeze | 621 (78.9%) | 383 (45.9%) | |
| Severe pneumonia (lower chest indrawing) with wheeze | 166 (21.1%) | 452 (54.1%) | 4.41 (3.53 to 5.53), <0.0001 |