Risk ratios representing associations between early adversity and probability of obtaining advanced educational qualifications; all analyses are adjusted for sex, paternal social class, maternal education, and birth order
| Probability of advanced qualifications | p* | Probability of advanced qualifications (adjusted for cognition at age 15 years) | p* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Refers to trend for material home conditions. | ||||
| †Analyses for material home conditions further adjusted for serious illness up to 5 years. | ||||
| Material home conditions at age 4 years† | ||||
| 1 (reference) | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 |
| 2 | 0.75 (0.55, 1.01) | 0.73 (0.52, 1.01) | ||
| 3 | 0.43 (0.30, 0.62) | 0.47 (0.31, 0.72) | ||
| 4 | 0.21 (0.09, 0.46) | 0.33 (0.14, 0.79) | ||
| Parental death or divorce, to age 8 years | ||||
| No (reference) | 1 | 0.001 | 1 | 0.01 |
| Yes | 0.22 (0.09, 0.55) | 0.29 (0.11, 0.77) | ||
| Maternal management and understanding at age 4 years | ||||
| Good (reference) | 1 | 0.03 | 1 | 0.52 |
| Average/poor | 0.75 (0.58, 0.97) | 0.91 (0.68, 1.22) | ||