Linear regression coefficients representing associations between early adversity and standardised ability scores from childhood to early adulthood; all analyses are adjusted for sex, paternal social class, maternal education, and birth order
| Cognitive ability, age 8 years | p* | Change in cognitive ability, 8–15 years | p* | Change in cognitive ability, 15–26 years | p* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Refers to trend for material home conditions. | ||||||
| †Analyses for material home conditions further adjusted for serious illness up to 5 years. | ||||||
| Material home conditions at age 4 years† | ||||||
| 1 (reference) | 0 | 0.001 | 0 | 0.001 | 0 | 0.86 |
| 2 | 0.03 (−0.09, 0.15) | −0.04 (−0.13, 0.04) | 0.06 (−0.02, 0.15) | |||
| 3 | −0.17 (−0.31, −0.03) | −0.11 (−0.22, −0.01) | 0.01 (−0.09, 0.11) | |||
| 4 | −0.35 (−0.58, −0.12) | −0.28 (−0.45, −0.11) | 0.02 (−0.14, 0.19) | |||
| Parental death or divorce, to age 8 years | ||||||
| No (reference) | 0 | 0.05 | 0 | 0.001 | 0 | 0.22 |
| Yes | −0.26 (−0.52, 0.00) | −0.33 (−0.53, −0.14) | 0.12 (−0.07, 0.30) | |||
| Maternal management and understanding, at age 4 years | ||||||
| Good (reference) | 0 | <0.001 | 0 | 0.14 | 0 | 0.17 |
| Average/poor | −0.25 (−0.35, −0.14) | −0.06 (−0.13, 0.02) | −0.05 (−0.12, 0.02) | |||