Classifications of cerebral palsy
| Reference | Year | Classification | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Little2 | 1862 | Hemiplegic rigidity | ||
| Paraplegic rigidity | ||||
| Generalised rigidity | ||||
| Disordered movements without rigidity | ||||
| Sachs and Petersen3 | 1890 | Paralysis of intrauterine origin | Diplegia | |
| Paraplegia | ||||
| Hemiplegia | ||||
| Birth palsies | Diplegia | |||
| Paraplegia | ||||
| Hemiplegia | ||||
| Diataxia (ataxia) | ||||
| Acute acquired palsies | Hemiplegia | |||
| Paraplegia | ||||
| Diplegia | ||||
| Choreo-athetoid | ||||
| Freud4 | 1893 | Unilateral disorders—hemiplegia | Right or left | |
| Bilateral disorders—diplegia | Generalised rigidity | |||
| Paraplegic rigidity | ||||
| Bilateral hemiplegia | ||||
| Choreo-athetosis | ||||
| Others | ||||
| Wyllie5 | 1951 | Congenital symmetric diplegia | ||
| Congenital paraplegia | ||||
| Quadriplegia or bilateral hemiplegia | ||||
| Hemiplegia with additional qualifications referring to all categories | Choreo-athetoid cerebral palsy | |||
| Mixed forms of cerebral palsy | ||||
| Ataxic cerebral palsy | ||||
| Atonic diplegia | ||||
| Minear(6) | 1956 | A. Physiological | Spasticity, athetosis, rigidity, ataxia, tremor, atonia, mixed, unclassified | |
| B. Topographical | Monoplegia, diplegia, paraplegia, hemiplegia, triplegia, quadriplegia | |||
| C. Aetiological | Prenatal, natal anoxia, postnatal, cause described | |||
| D. Trauma | Cause described | |||
| E. Supplemental | Psychological evaluation | |||
| Physical status, convulsive seizures, posture and locomotive behaviour pattern, eye-hand behaviour pattern, visual status, auditory status, speech disturbances | ||||
| F. Neuroanatomical | ||||
| G. Functional capacity | Class I–IV | |||
| H. Therapeutic | Class I–IV | |||
| Neurology | Extent | Severity | ||
| Ingram7 | 1955 | Hemiplegia | Right or left | Mild |
| Moderate | ||||
| Severe | ||||
| Double hemiplegia | Mild | |||
| Moderate | ||||
| Severe | ||||
| Diplegia | ||||
| Hypotonic | Paraplegia | Mild | ||
| Dystonic | Triplegia | Moderate | ||
| Rigid or Spastic | Tetraplegia | Severe | ||
| Ataxia | ||||
| Cerebellar | Unilateral | Mild | ||
| Vestibular | Bilateral | Moderate | ||
| Severe | ||||
| Ataxic diplegia | ||||
| Hypotonic | Paraplegia | Mild | ||
| Spastic | Triplegia | Moderate | ||
| Tetraplegia | Severe | |||
| Dyskinesia | ||||
| Dystonic | Monoplegia | Mild | ||
| Choreoid | Hemiplegia | Moderate | ||
| Athetoid | Triplegia | Severe | ||
| Tension | Tetraplegia | |||
| Tremor | ||||
| Other | ||||
| Little Club8 | 1959 | Spastic cerebral palsy | Hemiplegia | |
| Diplegia | ||||
| Double hemiplegia | ||||
| Dystonic cerebral palsy | ||||
| Choreo-athetoid cerebral palsy | ||||
| Mixed forms of cerebral palsy | ||||
| Ataxic cerebral palsy | ||||
| Atonic diplegia | ||||
| Hagberg9 | 1975 | Spastic | Hemiplegia | |
| Tetraplegia | ||||
| Diplegia | ||||
| Ataxic | Congenital | |||
| Diplegia | ||||
| Dyskinetic | Dystonic—mainly | |||
| Choreo-athetotic | ||||
| SCPE10 | 2000 | Spastic | Bilateral spastic | |
| Unilateral spastic | ||||
| Ataxic | ||||
| Dyskinetic | Dystonic | |||
| Choreo-athetotic | ||||