Risk factors for mental health problems in refugee children
| Parental factors |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in either parent49 |
| Maternal depression24 |
| Torture, especially in mother14 |
| Death of or separation from parents24,50 |
| Direct observation of the helplessness of parents12,14 |
| Underestimation of stress levels in children by parents51 |
| Unemployment of parents12 |
| Child factors |
| Number of traumatic events—either experienced or witnessed52 |
| Expressive language difficulties14 |
| PTSD leading to long term vulnerability in stressful situations53 |
| Physical health problems from either trauma or malnutrition54 |
| Older age12 |
| Environmental factors |
| Number of transitions36 |
| Poverty6 |
| Time taken for immigration status to be determined55 |
| Cultural isolation24 |
| Period of time in a refugee camp14 |
| Time in host country (risk possibly increases with time)21 |