Laboratory and clinical features of diarrhoea associated HUS
| Outbreak (n = 20) | Sporadic (n = 64) | p value (outbreak v sporadic) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Laboratory features | |||
| Minimum haemoglobin (median; g/l) | 73 (62–82) | 62 (52–73) | 0.06 |
| Minimum platelet count (median; × 109/l) | 29 (23–44) | 56 (28–96) | <0.01m |
| Maximum neutrophil count (median; × 105/l) | 9.3 (7.3–23.7) | 8.6 (5.2–12.6) | 0.05 |
| Minimum serum sodium (mean; mmol/l) | 128 (4) | 131 (6) | <0.05t |
| Maximum creatinine (median; μmol/l) | 463 (322–637) | 280 (140–593) | <0.05m |
| Clinical features | |||
| Age (median; mth) | 63 (34–99) | 30 (18–57) | <0.05m |
| Age less than 5 years (n; %) | 9 (45%) | 49 (77%) | <0.051-c |
| Duration hospital stay (median; days) | 17 (10–22) | 12 (7–17) | <0.01m |
| Renal features | |||
| Anuria (n; %) | 16 (80%) | 31 (48%) | <0.051-c |
| Duration anuria (median; days) | 14 (10–20) | 5.0 (3–9) | <0.001m |
| Dialysis (n; %) | 18 (90%) | 35 (55%) | <0.011-c |
| Duration dialysis (mean; days) | 14.8 (8.1) | 10.2 (6.3) | <0.05t |
| Acute hypertension (n; %) | 13 (65%) | 25 (40%) | 0.07 |
| Elevated creatinine at discharge (n; %) | 17(85%) | 12 (19%) | <0.00011-c |
| Hypertension at discharge (n; %) | 9 (45%) | 12 (20%) | <0.051-c |
| Gastrointestinal features | |||
| Diarrhoea prodrome (n; %) | 20 (100%) | 64 (100%) | |
| Duration diarrhoea (median; days) | 3.0 (2.0–4.3) | 5.0 (4.0–10.0) | <0.01m |
| Blood in stool (n; %) | 16 (84%) | 23 (36%) | <0.0011-c |
| Severe colitis (n; %) | 6 (27%) | 2 (3%) | <0.011-f |
| Vomiting (n; %) | 17 (85%) | 50 (78%) | 0.75 |
| Acute pancreatitis (n; %) | 1 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 0.24 |
| Other | |||
| Seizures (n; %) | 5 (25%) | 7 (11%) | 0.18 |
| Central nervous system events1-150 | 9 (45%) | 8 (13%) | <0.0011-c |
| Hyperglycaemia | 5 (25) | 3 (5%) | <0.051-f |
| Death <12 months after diagnosis | 1 (5%)1-151 | 2 (3%)1-152 1-153 | 0.42 |
Results are shown as n (%), mean (SD), or median (interquartile range).
Comparison between outbreak and sporadic HUS was made using:
tStudent's t test;
mMann–Whitney U test;
↵1-c χ2 test;
↵1-f Fisher's exact test.
↵1-150 Includes children with one or more of the following: seizure, intracranial haemorrhage or infarct, retinal haemorrhage, encephalopathy.
Death was due to:
↵1-151 multiple cerebral haemorrhagic infarction;
↵1-152 myocarditis with pericardial effusion;
↵1-153 complications of renal failure.