| Citation | Study group | Study type (level of evidence) | Outcome | Key results | Comments |
| Kesareeet al (1983) | >100 babies with umbilical granuloma, all treated with salt | Prospective cohort (level 2b) | Resolution of umbilical granuloma | 100% clearance of granuloma (95% CI 96.38% to 100%) | Used salt crystals held in place with a swab for 5–10 minutes No controls |
| Chamberlainet al (1992) | 3 infants treated with silver nitrate for an umbilical granuloma | Case study (level 4) | Adverse effects | Silver nitrate caused chemical burns to periumbilical area, causing a visit to an emergency department | No denominator |