Causes of diabetes insipidus
| Cranial diabetes insipidus |
|---|
| Familial |
| Autosomal dominant |
| DIDMOAD syndrome |
| Cerebral malformations |
| In association with septo-optic dysplasia |
| Laurence-Moon-Beidl syndrome |
| Acquired |
| Trauma (neurosurgery, head injury) |
| Tumours (such as craniopharyngioma, germinoma, optic glioma) |
| Idiopathic |
| Hypoxic/ischaemic brain damage |
| Lymphocytic neurohypophysitis |
| Granuloma (tuberculosis, sarcoid, histiocytosis) |
| Infections (congenital cytomegalovirus and toxoplamosis, encephalitis, meningitis) |
| Vascular (aneurysm, malformations) |
| Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus |
| Familial |
| X linked recessive inheritance (V2 receptor gene defect) |
| Autosomal recessive inheritance (aquaporin 2 gene defect) |
| Acquired |
| Osmotic diuresis (diabetes mellitus) |
| Metabolic (hypercalcaemia, hypokalaemia) |
| Chronic renal disease |
| Drugs (lithium, demeclocycline) |
| Postobstructive uropathy |
| Solute washout from renal medulla |
| Primary polydipsia |
| Compulsive or habitual |
| In association with psychological disturbance |
| Drugs (lithium, carbamazepine) |
| Hypothalamic lesion |
DIDMOAD, crainia diabetes insipidus (DI), diabetes mellitus (DM), optic atrophy (OA, and deafness (D).