Results of matched case-control analyses using combined control group in 1957-81
| Model | Deviance | df | Effect | Difference in deviance | df | p Value | Estimate of effect | SE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anencephaly | ||||||||
| Base | 397.42 | 494 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Base + lead | 390.76 | 493 | Lead | 6.66 | 1 | 0.010 | 1.175 | 0.460 |
| Base + deprivation | 394.45 | 493 | Deprivation | 2.97 | 1 | 0.085 | 0.056 | 0.033 |
| Base + lead + deprivation | 390.64 | 492 | Lead controlling for deprivation | 3.81 | 1 | 0.051 | 1.069 | 0.552 |
| Spina bifida and cranium bifidum | ||||||||
| Base | 532.66 | 704 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Base + lead | 526.78 | 703 | Lead | 5.88 | 1 | 0.015 | 0.960 | 0.397 |
| Base + deprivation | 528.60 | 703 | Deprivation | 4.06 | 1 | 0.044 | 0.059 | 0.029 |
| Base + lead + deprivation | 526.04 | 702 | Lead controlling for deprivation | 2.56 | 1 | 0.110 | 0.747 | 0.467 |
| All neural tube defects | ||||||||
| Base | 719.22 | 787 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Base + lead | 711.14 | 786 | Lead | 8.08 | 1 | 0.004 | 0.901 | 0.318 |
| Base + deprivation | 712.37 | 786 | Deprivation | 6.85 | 1 | 0.009 | 0.065 | 0.025 |
| Base + lead + deprivation | 709.28 | 785 | Lead controlling for deprivation | 3.09 | 1 | 0.079 | 0.647 | 0.368 |