Parental characteristics
| Lamotrigine (n=26) | Sodium valproate (n=45) | Carbamazepine (n=37) | Control | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (range) | 16–39 | 16–49 | 20–49 | 20–49 | 0.257 |
| Maternal educational attainment* | 0–4 | 0–4 | 0–4 | 0–5 | 0.067 |
| Paternal educational attainment* | 0–5 | 0–4 | 0–4 | 0–5 | 0.125 |
| Combined parental educational attainment* | 0–5 | 0–4 | 0–4 | 0–5 | 0.019 |
| Smoked in pregnancy† | 5 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 0.976 |
| Alcohol in pregnancy‡ | 7 | 15 | 10 | 16 | 0.678 |
| Preconceptual folic acid compliance | 10 | 14 | 14 | 18 | 0.46 |
| Breast fed >6 weeks | 1 | 9 | 9 | 18 | 0.002 |
↵* Educational attainment classification: 0=no qualifications; 1=1–4 CSE, 1–4 GCSE, 1–4 ‘O’ levels, NVQ level 1; 2=≥5 SE (grade 1), ≥5 GCSE (A–C), ≥5 ‘O’-levels, 1 ‘A’-level, 1–3 ‘AS’ levels; 3=≥2 ‘A’ levels, ≥4 ‘AS’ levels, NVQ level 3, GNVQ Advanced level; 4=first degree, NVQ level 4, HND; 5=higher degree, NVQ level 5.
† Refers to maternal report of smoking in pregnancy regardless of quantity.
‡ Refers to maternal report of consumption of alcohol in pregnancy regardless of quantity.