%0 Journal Article %A Monica Sahih %A André Schultz %A Andrew Wilson %A Renuka Alakeson %A Ellen Taylor %A Benjamin Mullins %A Andrew C Martin %T Paediatric headbox as aerosol and droplet barrier %D 2022 %R 10.1136/archdischild-2020-321546 %J Archives of Disease in Childhood %P 65-67 %V 107 %N 1 %X Background High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) is frequently used in hospitals, producing droplets and aerosols that could transmit SARS-CoV-2.Aim To determine if a headbox could reduce droplet and aerosol transmission from patients requiring HFNO.Methods The size and dispersion of propylene glycol (model for patient-derived infectious particles) was measured using a spectrometer and an infant mannequin receiving 10–50 L/min of HFNO using (1) no headbox, (2) open headbox, (3) headbox-blanket or (4) headbox with a high-efficiency particulate (HEP) filter covering the neck opening.Results All headbox set-ups reduced the dispersal of droplets and aerosols compared with no headbox. The headbox-blanket system increased aerosol dispersal compared with the open headbox. The fraction of aerosols retained in the headbox for HFNO of 10 and 50 L/min was, respectively, as follows: (1) open headbox: 82.4% and 42.2%; (2) headbox-blanket: 56.8% and 39.5%; (3) headbox-HEP filter: 99.9% and 99.9%.Conclusion A HEP-filter modified headbox may serve as an effective droplet and aerosol barrier adjunct for the protection of staff caring for children receiving HFNO.Data are available on reasonable request. %U https://adc.bmj.com/content/archdischild/107/1/65.full.pdf