TY - JOUR T1 - Kawasaki disease: origins and evolution JF - Archives of Disease in Childhood JO - Arch Dis Child SP - 413 LP - 414 DO - 10.1136/archdischild-2019-317070 VL - 106 IS - 4 AU - Ranjev Kainth AU - Priyen Shah Y1 - 2021/04/01 UR - http://adc.bmj.com/content/106/4/413.abstract N2 - Kawasaki disease (KD) is the leading cause of acquired heart disease is the western world and the second leading cause of vasculitis in childhood. The history of this relatively young condition has, however, seen our understanding of clinical features, aetiology and management evolve over the last six decades.KD was first described as a medical condition by Tomisaku Kawasaki in 1967, in a paper where he described 50 patients with systemic features and a prolonged fever, presenting over 6 years.1 He first described a group of patients from 1962 with fever and skin peeling and, over the next 2 years, he noted a consistent involvement of the eyes, skin and mucus membranes and classified these patients under the umbrella term of ‘ocular-mucocutaneous syndrome’. As case numbers grew, he hypothesised the clinical features represented a new, yet to be diagnosed pathological process which he defined as a ‘acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome’ (MCLNS) in his 1967 paper.In parallel, another Japanese physician, Dr Takajiro Yamamoto, began collecting cases with similar features. It was in 1968 that Yamamoto et al first labelled this condition as KD and described the triad of prolonged fever, characteristic clinical features and cardiac involvement as hallmarks of the disease in a series of 23 patients.2 The clinical features in conjunction with prolonged (>5 days) fever which determine diagnosis have remained unchanged since the publication of these seminal papers and consist of bilateral, non-suppurative conjunctivitis; cervical lymphadenopathy >1.5 cm; polymorphous rash; oral changes, including cracked lips and strawberry tongue; and peripheral changes in the hand … ER -