PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Priest, Naomi
AU  - Chong, Shiau
AU  - Truong, Mandy
AU  - Alam, Oishee
AU  - Dunn, Kevin
AU  - O'Connor, Meredith
AU  - Paradies, Yin
AU  - Ward, Andrew
AU  - Kavanagh, Anne
TI  - Racial discrimination and socioemotional and sleep problems in a cross-sectional survey of Australian school students
AID  - 10.1136/archdischild-2020-318875
DP  - 2020 Nov 01
TA  - Archives of Disease in Childhood
PG  - 1079--1085
VI  - 105
IP  - 11
4099  - http://adc.bmj.com/content/105/11/1079.short
4100  - http://adc.bmj.com/content/105/11/1079.full
SO  - Arch Dis Child2020 Nov 01; 105
AB  - Objective To determine the prevalence of direct and vicarious racial discrimination experiences from peer, school and societal sources, and examine associations between these experiences and socioemotional and sleep outcomes.Methods Data were analysed from a population representative cross-sectional study of n=4664 school students in years 5–9 (10–15 years of age) in Australia. Students reported direct experiences of racial discrimination from peers, school and societal sources; vicarious discrimination was measured according to the frequency of witnessing other students experiences of racial discrimination. Students self-reported on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, with the total difficulties, conduct, emotional and prosocial behaviour subscales examined. Sleep problems included duration, latency, and disruption.Results 41.56% (95% CI 36.18 to 47.15) of students reported experiences of direct racial discrimination; Indigenous and ethnic minority students reported the highest levels. 70.15% (95% CI 63.83 to 75.78) of students reported vicarious racial discrimination. Direct and vicarious experiences of racial discrimination were associated with socioemotional adjustment (eg, for total difficulties, total direct racism: beta=3.77, 95% CI 3.11 to 4.44; vicarious racism: beta=2.51, 95% CI 2.00 to 3.03). Strong evidence was also found for an effect of direct and vicarious discrimination on sleep (eg, for sleep duration, total direct: beta=−21.04, 95% CI −37.67 to −4.40; vicarious: beta=−9.82, 95% CI −13.78 to −5.86).Conclusions Experiences of direct and vicarious racial discrimination are common for students from Indigenous and ethnic minority backgrounds, and are associated with socioemotional and sleep problems in adolescence. Racism and racial discrimination are critically important to tackle as social determinants of health for children and adolescents.