@article {Do134, author = {Chuong Huu Thieu Do and Alexandra Yasmin Kruse and Bridget Wills and Saraswathy Sabanathan and Hannah Clapham and Freddy Karup Pedersen and Thanh Ngoc Pham and Phuc Minh Vu and Malene Landbo B{\o}rresen}, title = {Neurodevelopment at 2 years corrected age among Vietnamese preterm infants}, volume = {105}, number = {2}, pages = {134--140}, year = {2020}, doi = {10.1136/archdischild-2019-316967}, publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group Ltd}, abstract = {Background Preterm infants are at risk of neurodevelopmental delay, but data on long-term outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries remain scarce.Objectives To examine neurodevelopment using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-3rd edition (Bayley-III) and neurological findings in 2-year-old preterm infants, and to compare with healthy Vietnamese infants. Further, to assess factors associated with neurodevelopmental impairment.Design and setting Cohort study to follow up preterm infants discharged from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary children{\textquoteright}s hospital in Vietnam.Participants Infants born at \<37 weeks of gestational age.Main outcomes Bayley-III assessment and neurological examination at 2-year corrected age (CA) compared with healthy Vietnamese infants.Results Of 294 NICU preterm infants, Bayley-III scores of all 184/243 (76\%) survivors at 2 years CA were significantly lower than those of healthy Vietnamese peers in all three domains: cognition (mean (SD): 84.5 (8.6) vs 91.4 (7.5), p\<0.001), language (mean (SD): 88.7 (12.5) vs 95.9 (11.9), p\<0.001) and motor (mean (SD): 93.1 (9.0) vs 96.8 (9.3), p=0.003). The mean differences in Bayley-III scores between preterm and healthy Vietnamese infants were -6.9 (-9.1 to -4.7), -7.2 (-10.5 to -3.8) and -3.7 (-6.1 to -1.2) for cognitive, language and motor scores, respectively. The prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairment was 17\% for cognitive, 8\% for language and 4\% for motor performance. In total, 7\% were diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Higher maternal education was positively associated with infant neurodevelopment (OR 0.32, 95\% CI 0.11 to 0.94).Conclusions Vietnamese preterm infants in need of neonatal intensive care showed poor neurodevelopment at 2 years. Higher maternal education was positively associated with infant neurodevelopment. Standard follow-up programmes for preterm infants should be considered in low-resource settings.}, issn = {0003-9888}, URL = {https://adc.bmj.com/content/105/2/134}, eprint = {https://adc.bmj.com/content/105/2/134.full.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Disease in Childhood} }