RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 ELABORATION AND VALIDATION OF EVENDOL: A BEHAVIOURAL PAIN SCALE FOR YOUNG CHILDREN ATTENDING THE ACCIDENT AND EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
JF Archives of Disease in Childhood
JO Arch Dis Child
FD BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health
SP espnic8
OP espnic8
VO 93
IS Suppl 2
A1 Fournier-Charriere, E
A1 Ricard, C H
A1 Lassauge, F
A1 Tourniaire, B
A1 Cimerman, P
A1 Turquin, P
A1 Falissard, B
A1 Letierce, A
A1 Reiter, F
A1 Lombart, B
A1 Carbajal, R
YR 2008
UL http://adc.bmj.com/content/93/Suppl_2/espnic8.abstract
AB In the emergency department, pain has to be assessed quickly, in order to choose the appropriate analgesic. A simple behavioural scale was needed for young children under 6 years.Elaboration EVENDOL was elaborated by paediatric pain specialists and emergency staff members. The scale includes five items: complaint, grimace, movements, postures, interaction with surroundings, each scored from 0 to 3.Validation The scale was tested at three times: before any care, during mobilisation, after analgesic. Construct validity and interrater reliability were studied. Children were assessed by the nurse and the searcher, with EVENDOL and with a visual analogue scale (VAS) and with other scales. Anxiety and asthenia levels were assessed. Self-assessment scores were obtained from children above 4 years of age.Results 297 children (1 month to 6 years) were included.Construct Validity Scores before/after nalbuphine varied from 8.14 to 3.62 at rest (p<0.0001), from 11.87 to 6.65 at mobilisation (p = 0.0011); correlations between VAS and EVENDOL: 0.79 to 0.92 at all times (p<0.0001); correlations between EVENDOL and other behavioural pain scales (EDIN, CHEOPS, FLACC, TPPPS): 0.5 to 0.93 (concurrent validity); correlations between FPS-R and EVENDOL in 4–6-year-old children varied between 0.64 and 0.93; correlations between EVENDOL and tiredness and anxiety were bad (0.15 to 0.34) (discriminant validity).Content Validity Excellent Cronbach coefficient (0.83 to 0.92). Interrater reliability between nurses and researcher: correlations 0.89 to 0.98, weighted kappa 0.7 to 0.9.Conclusion EVENDOL, a new five-item scale to assess young children’s pain in the emergency department is validated. EVENDOL is simple and well accepted by nurses.