@article {Amukele180, author = {Timothy K Amukele and Dean Soko and Pauline Katundu and Melvin Kamanga and Jin Sun and Newton I Kumwenda and Taha E Taha}, title = {Vitamin D levels in Malawian infants from birth to 24 months}, volume = {98}, number = {3}, pages = {180--183}, year = {2013}, doi = {10.1136/archdischild-2012-302377}, publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group Ltd}, abstract = {We measured longitudinal levels of vitamin D in unsupplemented Malawian infants at 0 (birth), 2, 12, 15, 18 and 24 months of age. Matched maternal plasma and breast milk vitamin D2 and D3 levels were also measured at delivery and 2 months postpartum. Vitamin D was measured using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. Vitamin D3 levels in children were 36\% of adult levels at birth, 60\% of adult levels at age 2 months, and at par with adult levels by 12 months of age. This adult-equivalent level is subsequently maintained through age 24 months and consisted of a 98\% molar ratio of vitamin D3. Vitamin D levels in breast milk were below the limit of detection, 0.1 ng/ml. Breast milk of unsupplemented Malawian mothers is a poor source of vitamin D.}, issn = {0003-9888}, URL = {https://adc.bmj.com/content/98/3/180}, eprint = {https://adc.bmj.com/content/98/3/180.full.pdf}, journal = {Archives of Disease in Childhood} }