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Paediatric Emergency Medicine
Rate of invasive bacterial infection in recently vaccinated young infants with fever without source
  1. Ana Barreiro-Parrado1,
  2. Eider Lopez1,
  3. Borja Gomez1,2,
  4. Ainara Lejarzegi1,
  5. Amaia Fernandez-Uria1,
  6. Javier Benito2,
  7. Santiago Mintegi2
  1. 1 Pediatric Emergency Department, Hospital Universitario Cruces Urgencias de Pediatria, Barakaldo, Spain
  2. 2 Department of Pediatrics, Universidad del Pais Vasco, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
  1. Correspondence to Dr Santiago Mintegi, Pediatric Emergency Department, Hospital Universitario Cruces Urgencias de Pediatria, 48903 Barakaldo, País Vasco, Spain; Santiago.Minteguiraso{at}osakidetza.eus

Abstract

Objective To compare the rates of invasive bacterial infection (IBI) (bacterial pathogen in blood or cerebrospinal fluid) and urinary tract infection (UTI) in febrile infants between 42 and 90 days of age who had and had not been vaccinated in the previous 48 hours.

Design Observational study; secondary analysis of a prospective registry-based cohort study.

Setting Paediatric emergency department.

Patients Infants 42–90 days of age with fever without source seen between 2010 and 2021.

Main outcome measures Rates of IBI (bacterial pathogen in blood or cerebrospinal fluid) and UTI (urine culture obtained by an aseptic method yielding growth of ≥10 000 cfu/mL with associated leucocyturia).

Results We included 1522 infants, including 185 (12.2%) vaccinated in the previous 48 hours. Overall, 19 (1.25%) were diagnosed with an IBI and 282 (18.5%) with a UTI. No recently immunised infants were diagnosed with an IBI (vs 19, 1.4% of those not recently immunised, p=0.2). The UTI rate was higher in infants not recently immunised (20.1% vs 7.0%, p<0.01; OR: 3.3 (1.9–5.9)).

Conclusions Although the rate of UTI in recently immunised infants 42–90 days old with fever without a source is lower than in those not recently immunised, recommending screening for UTI seems appropriate. If the lower rate of IBI among recently immunised well-appearing infants is confirmed, the recommendation to systematically perform blood tests in these infants should be reconsidered.

  • Emergency Care
  • Infectious Disease Medicine
  • Paediatric Emergency Medicine

Data availability statement

Data are available on reasonable request.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-324379

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    Data availability statement

    Data are available on reasonable request.

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    Footnotes

    • Twitter @MintegiSanti

    • Contributors AB-P conceptualised and designed the study, supervised data collection, analysed the data, wrote the initial draft of the manuscript and approved the final manuscript as submitted. EL, AL and AF-U collaborated in data collection and critically revised the manuscript. BG collaborated in the design of the data collection system and critically revised the manuscript. JB revised the design of the study and critically revised the manuscript. SM conceptualised and designed the study, analysed the data, revised multiple versions of the initial manuscript and critically revised the final manuscript. He accepts full responsibility for the finished work and/or the conduct of the study, had access to the data and controlled the decision to publish. SM is responsible for the overall content as guarantor.

    • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

    • Competing interests None declared.

    • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.