Introduction Urinary infections are common problem in paediatric practice. Every vague febrile condition should be considered as a possible urinary infection.

Objectives Role of paediatrician in early detection and treatment in urinary infection

Aims With timely diagnosis and treatment of urinary infections impairment of the renal (kidney) function is prevented.

Materials and methods Data from 610 children aged 0 to 18 years suspected of urinary infection or febrile for a period of 3 years (2011–2013) had been processed. Analytical and descriptive method had been used for processing.

Results Out of 320 children with taken urine – culture, 102 showed positive results (31,87%). Escherichia coli had been isolated with 84 children (82,35%), Proteus sp. with 7 children (6,86%), Klebsiella with children 5 (4,91%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa had been isolated with 4 children (3,92%) and other bacteria with 2 children (1,96%). From the lab findings the most common had been leucocytosis. One child had been diagnosed agenesis of the right kidney, 6 children had been diagnosed VUR, and 1 child ectopic kidney. During the treatment the following drugs had been used: Nitrofurantoin, Amoxicillin + clavulonic acid, Trimetoprim + sulfonamide, Cefuroxim or Cefixime depending on the antibiogram. It resulted in the negative urine-culture in more than 95% of children, while children with congenital malformations are under regular scrutiny by the paediatrician – nephrologists.

Conclusion Routine investigation of urine during every obscure febrile condition. Urine- culture method is necessary to determine the specific therapy.

Timely diagnosis and treatment leads to successful prevention of renal (kidney) damage.