Aim To assess the impact of new PPTCT (Prevention of Parent to Child HIV Transmission) regimen (TLE – Tenofovir + Lamivudine + Efavirenz) on babies born to HIV positive pregnant women as compared to old regimen (Nevirapine).

Methodology This is a case control retrospective study including 100 babies up to 12 months of age born to HIV positive pregnant women in an Institute of Child Health from September 2011 to September 2013. Out of 100 babies 50 babies were taken as controls who received old regimen (NEVIRAPINE) and 50 babies were taken as cases who received new regimen (TLE) ARV (Anti Retroviral) Prophylaxis.

From September 2011 to August 2012 all the pregnant women received one dose of Nevirapine (Old Regimen) at the time of delivery and the babies received single dose of Nevirapine syrup soon after birth and tested for the HIV status by antibody test. From September 2012 to September 2013 all the pregnant women received new regimen (TLE) ARV Prophylaxis during their pregnancy and the babies received Nevirapine syrup from birth upto 6 weeks life and tested for the DNA PCR. All the women were counselled regarding feeding based on NACO (National Aids Control Organisation) guidelines. All the babies were followed-up by PCOE (Paediatric Centre of Excellence) for standard care including monitoring for growth and development, immunisation, CPT (Co-trimoxazole Prophylaxis Treatment), check-up for opportunistic infections, and IYCF (Infant Young Child Feeding) practices as per NACO guidelines.

Data was analysed for mortality by Fisher’s exact test and P-value method.

Result Out of 50 babies under old regimen 3 (6%) babies were reactive and receiving ART treatment, 3 (6%) babies died (2 babies results were not known and 1 baby was non-reactive) and 44 (88%) babies are non reactive. Out of 50 babies under new regimen all the babies are non-reactive (100%) at 12 months. The significance of P-value is <0.001.

Conclusion The impact of the new PPTCT regimen is more effective than old regimen.