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Clinical and genetic aspects of hypophosphatasia in Japanese patients
  1. Takeshi Taketani1,2,
  2. Kazumichi Onigata2,
  3. Hironori Kobayashi2,
  4. Yuichi Mushimoto2,
  5. Seiji Fukuda2,
  6. Seiji Yamaguchi2
  1. 1Division of Blood Transfusion, Shimane University Hospital, Shimane, Japan
  2. 2Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
  1. Correspondence to Dr Takeshi Taketani, Division of Blood Transfusion, Shimane University Hospital, 89-1, Enya, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; ttaketani{at}med.shimane-u.ac.jp

Abstract

Objective We examined the clinical and genetic features of hypophosphatasia (HPP) in Japanese patients. HPP is a rare metabolic bone disorder of bone mineralisation caused by mutations in the liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) gene, which encodes tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme. 

Methods We retrospectively investigate the incidence and clinical features of 52 patients with paediatric HPP who were born between 1999 and 2010. Mutations of the ALPL gene were analysed in 31 patients.

Results The annual incidence of perinatal lethal HPP (PLH) was estimated to be 2–3/1 000 000 births. The most frequent clinical type was PLH followed by prenatal benign. In addition to bone symptoms, cerebral manifestations were frequently observed including convulsion, mental retardation, deafness and short stature with growth hormone deficiency. Respiratory failure was the most significant predictor of a poor prognosis for PLH. The first and second most frequent mutations in the ALPL gene were c.1559delT and c.T979C (p.F327L), respectively. The c.1559delT homozygous mutation was lethal with respiratory failure. Patients with the p.F327L compound heterozygous mutation had the different non-lethal type with short stature and a gradual improvement in ALP level and bone mineralisation.

Conclusions The most frequent clinical type was the PLH type with prognosis related to respiratory failure, biochemical/radiological changes and ALPL mutations. Cerebral manifestations frequently occurred. Genotype–phenotype correlations were associated with specific outcomes in the PLH type, whereas different clinical features were associated with the same genotype in the non-lethal type.

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Disease
  • Paediatric Practice

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