Objectives Study on the incidence of acute intoxications (AI) within general pathology and various parameters (sex, social environment, age, etiologic spectrum).

Material and Method A retrospective study of AI in the children aged 0–16 years, admitted to the 2^nd Pediatric Clinic of the Emergency County Hospital Craiova from January 1^st to December 31^st 2011.

Results 95 children with various AI were admitted, representing 4.1% of the total admitted children; 41 (43.2%) presented acute involuntary intoxications (AII), while 54 (56.8%) acute voluntary intoxications (AVI).

AII: distribution of children according to sex M/F=27/14, social environment U/R=18/23, age group (years): 0–1/1–3/3–5/ 5–10/10–14/14–16=11/10/9/5/4/2; etiologic spectrum: drugs in 9 children, nitrates in 7, carbon monoxide 7, mushrooms 6, corrosive substances 5, insecticides/anti-parasitary 3, ethylic alcohol 2, medicinal alcohol 1, and acetone 1.

In AVI, the sex ratio was M/F=21/33, social environment U/R=27/27, age group (years): 5–10/10–14/14–16=12/17/25. Causes of AVI: drugs in 32, ethylic alcohol 12, ethno-botanical 4, corrosive substances 3, unknown causes 2, caffeine 1 case. There were registered 2 deaths because of nitrates intoxication, in rural infants, aged 1 and 2 months.

Average period of hospitalization (days): in AII 4.79±3.12 (1–16), in AVI 3.25±1.3 (1–10).

Conclusions AI represented 4.1% of the total admitted cases. Drugs represented the most frequent cause both in AII and AVI. AII were more frequent in males and rural areas; AVI prevailed in females. Deaths because of AI represented 2.1% of the total number of AI cases.