Article Text
Abstract
Objective Vitamin D deficiency is common and has been associated with several non-bone/calcium related outcomes. The objective was to determine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) and fasting glucose, insulin and insulin sensitivity in obese and non-obese children.
Patients/setting/design Cross-sectional study of 85 children aged 4–18 years recruited from the local Philadelphia community and Sleep Center.
Main outcomes measures Fasting blood glucose, insulin and 25-OH-D were measured. Insulin resistance was calculated using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI-Z) and pubertal stage were determined. Multivariable linear regression was used to determine factors associated with decreased 25-OH-D and to determine the association of vitamin D with HOMA.
Results Median 25-OH-D was 52 nmol/l (IQR 34–76). 26% of subjects were vitamin D sufficient (25-OH-D ≥75 nmol/l), 27% had intermediate values (50–75 nmol/l) and 47% were insufficient (25–50 nmol/l) or frankly deficient (<25 nmol/l). In the multivariable model, older age, higher BMI-Z and African–American race were all negatively associated with 25-OH-D; summer was positively associated with 25-OH-D. Lower 25-OH-D was associated with higher fasting blood glucose, insulin and HOMA after adjustment for puberty and BMI-Z.
Conclusion Low 25-OH-D, common in the paediatric population at risk for diabetes (older children, African–Americans, children with increasing BMI-Z) is associated with worse insulin resistance.
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Footnotes
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Funding This work was supported by K-23-RR021973 (AK) and Institutional Clinical and Translational Science Award Research Grant (UL1-RR-024134) from the National Center for Research Resources.
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Competing interests None.
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Ethics approval This study was conducted with the approval of The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
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Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
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