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Acute haemorrhagic oedema of infancy: first report of a rare small vessel vasculitis in the neonatal period
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  • Published on: 20 November 2020
    Acute haemorrhagic oedema of infancy in neonates
    • Gabriel Bronz, Physician Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland, Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bel
    • Other Contributors:
      • Mario G. Bianchetti, Dean of the Faculty
      • Gregorio P Milani, Researcher
      • Sebastiano A. G. Lava, Physician

    Acute haemorrhagic oedema of infancy, also termed cockade purpura with edema or Finkelstein-Seidlmayer disease, is a rather uncommon small-vessel leukocytoclastic vasculitis. It characteristically affects children 4 weeks to 23 months of age, is skin-limited, spontaneously recovers within 3 weeks, and does not recur. O'Connor C et al [1]. recently documented the distinctive features of acute haemorrhagic oedema in a 23-day-old male infant with fever, rhinorrhoea, conjunctivitis and cough. The authors concluded that acute haemorrhagic oedema has never previously been reported in neonates, with the exception of a female newborn infant noted to have this vasculitis at birth [2].
    Stimulated by the fascinating report by O'Connor C et al. [1], we analyzed the data contained in the Acute Hemorrhagic Edema BIbliographic Database AHEBID, which includes all articles on acute haemorrhagic oedema. In the mentioned database, we found 6 further cases (4 males and 2 female patient) of this vasculitis in subjects less than 4 weeks of age, including 4 familial cases [3-5].
    It is therefore concluded that acute haemorrhagic oedema has been so far documented in a total of 8 patients (5 males and 3 female patient) less less than 4 weeks of age. In this age group, this vasculitis is uncommon but not exceptional and may affect 2 or more members of the same family.

    References
    1. O’Connor C, Bux D, O’Connell M. Acute haemorrhagic oedema of infancy: first report...

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    Conflict of Interest:
    None declared.