Article Text

Download PDFPDF
UK paediatric oncology Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia surveillance study
  1. Rebecca Hilary Proudfoot1,
  2. Bob Phillips2
  1. 1 Paediatrics, York Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, North Yorkshire, UK
  2. 2 University of York Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, York, York, UK
  1. Correspondence to Dr Rebecca Hilary Proudfoot, Paediatrics, York Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, YO31 8HE, UK; rhproudfoot{at}gmail.com

Abstract

Background Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a serious infective complication of immunosuppressive therapy. There are insufficient data concerning the incidence or mortality rate in children undergoing treatment for malignancies and how these may be influenced by prophylaxis.

Objective Prospective collection of clinical information for all suspected and proven cases of PJP in children with cancer in the UK and Ireland.

Design A surveillance survey was undertaken using a key contact at each paediatric oncology Principle Treatment Centre (PTC).

Main outcome measures To describe the mortality, outcomes and use of prophylaxis in this at-risk group.

Results The study confirms that PJP is rare, with only 32 cases detected in the UK over a 2-year period reported from all 20 PTCs. No deaths were directly attributed to PJP, in contrast to previously reported high mortality rates. Breakthrough infection may occur despite prescription of ostensibly adequate prophylaxis with co-trimoxazole; 11 such cases were identified. Six infections occurred in patients for whom prophylaxis was not thought to be indicated. Two infections occurred in patients for whom prophylaxis was specifically omitted due to concerns about potential bone marrow suppression or delayed engraftment.

Conclusion PJP in children treated for malignant disease is rare. Breakthrough infection despite prophylaxis with co-trimoxazole may represent pathogen resistance or non-compliance. Further consideration of the use of PJP prophylaxis during acute myeloid leukaemia and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma treatment is warranted, alongside appraisal of the clinical implications of the possible marrow suppressive effects of co-trimoxazole and its interactions with methotrexate.

  • epidemiology
  • microbiology

Data availability statement

All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.

Statistics from Altmetric.com

Request Permissions

If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.

Data availability statement

All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as supplementary information.

View Full Text

Footnotes

  • Twitter @drbobphillips

  • PJP Surveillance Group Carla Kierulff, Aberdeen; Carole Cairns, Belfast; Beryl Rodrigues, Birmingham; Gitanya Naidoo, Bristol; Michael Gattens, Cambridge; Madeleine Adams, Cardiff; Cormac Owens, Dublin; Emma Johnson, Edinburgh; Jairam Sastry & Diana McIntosh, Glasgow; Danny Cheng, GOSH, London; Charlotte Leger, UCLH, London; Simon Bomken, Newcastle; Sophie Wilne, Nottingham & Leicester; Amrana Qureshi, Oxford; James Hayden, Liverpool; Anthony Penn, Manchester; Rubina Malik, Royal Marsden, Surrey; Dan Yeomanson, Sheffield; Jessica Bate, Southampton.

  • Contributors Both authors conceived the idea for the study. RHP wrote the proposal, approved by BP, for the Children’s Cancer and Leukaemia Group and helped establish key contacts in each PTC. RHP and BP both worked on the proforma for data collection. RHP collected and analysed all the data.

  • Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

  • Competing interests None declared.

  • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

  • Supplemental material This content has been supplied by the author(s). It has not been vetted by BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) and may not have been peer-reviewed. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author(s) and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. Where the content includes any translated material, BMJ does not warrant the accuracy and reliability of the translations (including but not limited to local regulations, clinical guidelines, terminology, drug names and drug dosages), and is not responsible for any error and/or omissions arising from translation and adaptation or otherwise.