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Subglottic stenosis (SGS) can be congenital (rare) or acquired. The most common cause of acquired SGS is prolonged intubation. The narrowest and most susceptible area of the subglottic trachea is the portion circumscribed by the cricoid cartilage (as opposed to other portions where the cartilage rings are incomplete and the dimensions are wider). Granulation after extubation begins early although many children are diagnosed weeks/months later. Clinical presentation is characterised by the onset of varying degrees of dyspnoea and stridor postextubation. Other causes of stridor (eg, transient postintubation oedema—characterised by onset shortly after extubation and good response to nebulised epinephrine and systemic steroids; viral croup—low-grade fever, inspiratory stridor and …
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Contributors All authors listed in this manuscript fulfil all of the following authorship criteria as established by the ICMJE Recommendations: (1) Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work, or the acquisition, analysis or interpretation of data. (2) Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content. (3) Final approval of the version published. (4) Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
Competing interests None declared.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Patient consent for publication Not required.
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