• diabetic ketoacidosis
• fluid regime

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) can be challenging to manage. In the vast majority the outcome is good, but in a few cerebral oedema can develop rapidly and unpredictably, resulting in neurological impairment and, occasionally, death. It is more common in children than adults, and its pathophysiology has traditionally been attributed to rapid changes in blood osmolality causing fluid to shift into brain cells. For these reasons, recommended intravenous rehydration regimes …