Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by Sertoli cells from early foetal life to puberty, when it is downregulated by the synergistic action of intratesticular testosterone and meiotic germ cells. During foetal and neonatal life, testosterone is incapable of inhibiting AMH, owing to the lack of androgen receptor expression in Sertoli cells. In the absence of an androgen inhibitory effect, follicle-stimulating hormone increases testicular AMH output.