Gelatin-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in children with immediate- and nonimmediate-type reactions to live measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccines☆,☆☆,★
Section snippets
Patients
Six patients with immediate reactions and 21 patients with nonimmediate reactions after inoculation of various live vaccines were studied. All six patients with immediate reactions showed anaphylactic symptoms characterized by cough, wheezing, and dyspnea occurring within 15 minutes after vaccine inoculation. Nonimmediate reactions consisted of erythema and swelling at the injection site and mild systemic cutaneous reactions, which occurred several to 48 hours after vaccination. Patients with
IgE antibody specific to gelatin
The positive/negative cutoff level value was set at 0.35 Ua/ml for IgE. All patients with immediate reactions showed positive IgE responses specific to gelatin, which ranged from 1.15 to 30.7 Ua/ml (Table I). The levels of IgE did not seem to correlate with the severity of the clinical reactions. In contrast to the patients with immediate-type reactions, none of the patients with nonimmediate reactions had positive IgE responses.
Gelatin-specific cell-mediated immunity
Lymphoproliferation assays specific to gelatin were performed in
Discussion
There has been an increasing number of reports regarding anaphylactic reactions to measles or measles-mumps-rubella vaccines in children without allergy to eggs,8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and components of the vaccine other than egg protein have been implicated as the cause.14 In 1986, Miyake et al.15 found specific IgE antibody to measles vaccine by means of radioimmunoassay in the sera of patients who had episodes of immediate local allergic reactions. Subsequently, the actual antigen was
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Cited by (0)
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From aPediatric Allergy and Infectious Diseases Society of Sapporo, Sapporo; bSapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo; cThe Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo; dMitsubishi Kagaku Bio-Clinical Laboratories, Inc., Tokyo; and eNational Institute of Health, Tokyo.
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Reprint requests: Takuji Kumagai, MD, Kumagai Pediatric Clinic, W-6, Momijidai, Atsubetsu-ku, Sapporo 004, Japan.
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