Growth and sexual maturation in thalassemia major†
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Cited by (131)
Thalassemia Syndromes
2018, Hematology: Basic Principles and PracticeThalassemia Syndromes
2017, Hematology: Basic Principles and PracticeKlotho, a new marker for osteoporosis and muscle strength in β-thalassemia major
2015, Blood Cells, Molecules, and DiseasesCitation Excerpt :The clinical severity of the disease is determined by the degree of imbalance between the α and β globin chains and therefore, the phenotype varies from a severe form, β-Thalassemia major (β-TM), that requires frequent transfusions to milder forms [1]. Complications of the disease include heart problems (heart failure and arrhythmia) that are responsible for 70% of deaths [2], liver disease, due to transfusional iron overload and transfusion transmitted viral infections, endocrine problems including hypogonadism in over 50% of the patients, diabetes and hypothyroidism [3,4]. Growth retardation is observed frequently [1] and fragility fractures are common in these patients [5].
Disorders of growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor secretion and action
2014, Pediatric Endocrinology: Fourth EditionEvaluation and treatment of transfusional iron overload in children
2013, Pediatric Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :It is important to vaccinate children against hepatitis A and B viruses and to counsel against alcohol abuse to avoid exposure to additional hepatotoxins. Iron also damages endocrine organs, leading to growth failure, growth hormone deficiency, delayed puberty,9 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, impaired glucose metabolism and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, osteopenia, hypothyroidism, and hypoparathyroidism.5 In a registry of North American patients with thalassemia, almost half of patients in the 16- to 24-year-old age group had developed endocrinopathies.5
Oral Iron Chelators
2010, Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :Excess iron deposition in the liver leads to inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis,11 which may be exacerbated by concomitant transfusion-acquired viral hepatitis. Iron is toxic to the endocrine organs, leading to growth failure, delayed puberty,12 diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and hypoparathyroidism.13 In a report of 342 North American patients who had thalassemia major, 38% of subjects had at least one endocrinopathy, most commonly hypogonadism, and 13% had more than one endocrinopathy.13
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Supported in part by CNR Grant 82.01119.83.