Elsevier

Annals of Epidemiology

Volume 5, Issue 5, September 1995, Pages 360-368
Annals of Epidemiology

Original report
The effects of race, household income, and parental education on nutrient intakes of 9- and 10-year-old girls NHLBI growth and health study

https://doi.org/10.1016/1047-2797(95)00033-4Get rights and content

Abstract

Nutrient intakes of 2149 black and white, 9- and 10-year-old girls varied by race, household income, and parental education. Of the three variables, higher education was most consistently associated with more desirable levels of nutrient intakes, that is, lower percentage of dietary fat and higher levels of vitamin C, calcium, and potassium. Higher income was related to higher intakes of vitamin C, but lower intakes of calcium and iron. Higher income was associated with lower percentage of dietary fat. After adjustment for income and education, race was associated with intakes of calcium, vitamin C, and to a lesser extent, percentages of kilocalories from total fat and polyunsaturated fat, and potassium. Black girls had a significantly lower intake of calcium (720 versus 889 mg) and a higher intake of vitamin C (91 versus 83 mg).

Proportions of the cohort with inadequate or excessive intakes of micronutrients and macronutrients were also estimated. A high proportion of girls exceeded the recommended intake level of 30% of kilocalories from total fat (90% of black girls; 84% of white girls) and 10% of kilocalories from saturated fat (92 and 93%, respectively). Low intakes of calcium (40% of black girls and 20% of white girls) and zinc (36 and 38%, respectively) commonly were found for girls of both races.

References (26)

  • JA Morrison et al.

    Sexual maturation and obesity in 9- and 10-year-old black and white girls: The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study

    J Pediatr

    (1994)
  • W Doyle et al.

    Nutritional status of school children in an inner-city area

    Arch Dis Child

    (1994)
  • Cited by (82)

    • The Healthy Meal Index: A tool for measuring the healthfulness of meals served to children

      2016, Appetite
      Citation Excerpt :

      Although we only saw differences in HMI Moderation Scores and not in Adequacy Scores, it is possible that the drivers of Adequacy scores may differ by child sex. While we did not find any associations of race/ethnicity with HMI scores, previous literature on associations between race and diet quality in children has been mixed (Crawford et al., 1995; de Hoog et al., 2014; Erinosho et al., 2012; Kamphuis et al., 2006; Xie et al., 2003). This may indicate that differences in diet quality by race/ethnicity are driven by factors other than the healthfulness of meals served in the home.

    • Are food and beverage purchases in households with preschoolers changing?: A longitudinal analysis from 2000 to 2011

      2014, American Journal of Preventive Medicine
      Citation Excerpt :

      Homescan participants must scan the barcodes of foods and beverages with UPCs and provide additional details regarding the quantity, units, and pricing information (regular or promotional price) for all purchases throughout the participation period.20 Additionally, participants are not directly compensated for providing data, although participation points are awarded that can be redeemed for merchandise or enrollment in prize sweepstakes.20 Thus, the Homescan Panel may comprise highly motivated subjects with higher average educational attainment than a U.S. nationally representative sample.28

    View all citing articles on Scopus

    The research was performed under contracts N01-HC-55023-26 of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.

    View full text