Baseline characteristics of participants who started and completed the trial
| Enrolled | Completed 12-month FU | |||
| Control (n=329) | Intervention (n=340) | Control (n=292) | Intervention (n=293) | |
| Infants | ||||
| Age (months) | 2.3 (1.0) | 2.3 (1.0) | 2.3 (0.8) | 2.3 (1.1) |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 39.6 (2.7) | 39.7 (1.4) | 39.5 (2.8) | 39.7 (1.4) |
| Female (%) | 150 (45.6) | 158 (46.5) | 131 (44.9) | 137 (46.8) |
| Fully formula fed at 6 months (%) | 277 (93.3) | 277 (95.5) | 262 (93.9) | 264 (95.7) |
| First born (%) | 167 (53.0) | 174 (51.9) | 167 (53.0) | 174 (51.9) |
| Birth weight (kg) | 3.41 (0.5) | 3.47 (0.5) | 3.41 (0.5) | 3.45 (0.5) |
| Birth weight SDS | 0.22 (1.0) | 0.31 (0.9) | 0.20 (1.0) | 0.27 (0.9) |
| Weight SDS | −0.16 (0.9) | −0.06 (0.9) | −0.16 (0.9) | −0.11 (0.9) |
| BMI SDS | −0.11 (0.9) | −0.03 (0.9) | −0.11 (0.9) | −0.08 (0.9) |
| Length (cm) | 58.3 (3.1) | 58.5 (3.3) | 58.4 (3.1) | 58.5 (3.3) |
| Formula milk intake (mL/day) | 898.1 (219.7) | 895.9 (217.6) | ||
| Mothers | ||||
| Age (years) | 31.3 (5.8) | 31.9 (5.9) | 31.4 (5.5) | 32.2 (5.7) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.8 (5.4) | 28.1 (5.5) | 27.8 (5.5) | 28.2 (5.4) |
| Pregnancy weight gain (kg) | 12.7 (6.9) | 13.0 (6.8) | 12.9 (6.8) | 13.1 (6.7) |
| Age completed education (years) | 19.5 (3.6) | 19.6 (3.5) | 19.6 (3.2) | 19.6 (3.4) |
| Degree or higher | 120 (38.3%) | 123 (37.4%) | 110 (39.1%) | 113 (39.8%) |
| A-level, below degree | 70 (22.4%) | 72 (21.9%) | 66 (23.5%) | 63 (22.2%) |
| GCSE/vocational | 118 (37.7%) | 128 (38.9%) | 102 (36.3%) | 103 (36.3%) |
| Below GCSE or no formal qualifications | 5 (1.6%) | 6 (1.8%) | 3 (1.1%) | 5 (1.8%) |
| Occupation | ||||
| Professional, higher managerial, administrative | 158 (52.3%) | 142 (43.3%) | 143 (52.4%) | 128 (44.9%) |
| Lower managerial, intermediate | 93 (30.8%) | 125 (38.1%) | 84 (30.8%) | 110 (38.6%) |
| Technical, semiroutine, routine | 39 (12.9%) | 54 (16.5%) | 35 (12.8%) | 43 (15.1%) |
| Never employed | 12 (4.0%) | 7 (2.1%) | 11 (4.0%) | 4 (1.4%) |
| White ethnicity | 295 (93.1%) | 322 (95.8%) | 266 (93.3%) | 279 (96.5%) |
| Married | 184 (58.2%) | 190 (56.9%) | 166 (58.2%) | 172 (59.7%) |
| Smoked during pregnancy | 38 (12.0%) | 38 (11.3%) | 31 (10.9%) | 28 (9.7%) |
| Consumed alcohol during pregnancy | 64 (20.2%) | 58 (17.2%) | 55 (19.3%) | 52 (17.9%) |
Means (SD) for continuous variables, numbers (%) for categorical variables; SDS calculated using WHO 2006 growth charts.
BMI, body mass index; FU, follow-up; GCSE, General Certificate of Secondary Education; SDS, SD score.