Incidence rate ratio (IRR) for each congenital heart defect (CHD) type by ethnic group for infants undergoing index interventional catheterisation or surgical procedure, 2006–2009 (n=5132*)
| Ethnic group | White | Asian | Black | All Other | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | N=3968 | N=604 | N=240 | N=320 | ||||||||||
| Population | N=2 230 400 | N=220 100 | N=93 700 | N=185 500 | ||||||||||
| n | IR | n | IR | IRR | 95% CI | n | IR | IRR | 95% CI | n | IR | IRR | 95% CI | |
| Hypoplastic left heart syndrome | 231 | 1.0 | 30 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.9–1.9 | 22 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 1.4–3.5 | 17 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.5–1.4 |
| Functionally univentricular heart | 193 | 0.9 | 41 | 1.9 | 2.2 | 1.5–3.0 | 16 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.1–3.3 | 11 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.3–1.3 |
| Common arterial trunk | 72 | 0.3 | 8 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.5–2.3 | <5 | _ | _ | _ | 9 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 0.7–3.0 |
| TGA with VSD/DORV-TGA type | 354 | 1.6 | 44 | 2.0 | 1.3 | 0.9–1.7 | 11 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.4–1.3 | 30 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 0.7–1.5 |
| Interrupted aortic arch | 51 | 0.2 | 5 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.3–2.5 | <5 | _ | _ | _ | <5 | _ | _ | _ |
| TGA with intact ventricular septum | 128 | 0.6 | 27 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 1.4–3.3 | <5 | _ | _ | _ | 13 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 0.6–2.2 |
| Pulmonary atresia+intact ventricular septum | 104 | 0.5 | 22 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 1.3–3.4 | <5 | _ | _ | _ | 6 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.3–1.6 |
| Pulmonary atresia+VSD (including Fallot type) | 129 | 0.6 | 23 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 1.1–2.8 | 9 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 0.7–3.3 | 17 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 0.9–2.6 |
| Miscellaneous primary cardiac diagnoses (rare) | 222 | 1.0 | 33 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.0–2.2 | 11 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0.6–2.2 | 13 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.4–1.2 |
| Complete AVSD | 360 | 1.7 | 36 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 0.7–1.4 | 37 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 1.7–3.4 | 26 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.6–1.3 |
| Fallot's tetralogy/ DORV-Fallot type | 416 | 1.9 | 80 | 3.6 | 1.9 | 1.5–2.5 | 16 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 0.5–1.5 | 29 | 1.6 | 0.8 | 0.6–1.2 |
| Aortic valve stenosis (isolated) | 106 | 0.5 | 8 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.3–1.6 | <5 | _ | _ | _ | <5 | _ | _ | _ |
| Tricuspid valve abnormality (including Ebstein's anomaly) | 35 | 0.2 | 5 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 0.4–3.7 | <5 | _ | _ | _ | <5 | _ | _ | _ |
| Mitral valve abnormality (including supravalvar, subvalvar) | 38 | 0.2 | 7 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 0.7–4.2 | <5 | _ | _ | _ | 7 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 0.8–5.0 |
| Totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection | 90 | 0.4 | 20 | 0.9 | 2.3 | 1.3–3.7 | 5 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 0.4–3.2 | 7 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.4–2.0 |
| Aortic arch obstruction±VSD/ASD | 467 | 2.1 | 54 | 2.5 | 1.2 | 0.9–1.6 | 19 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 0.6–1.5 | 23 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 0.4–0.9 |
| Pulmonary stenosis | 143 | 0.6 | 12 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.4–1.5 | 7 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 0.5–2.5 | 10 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.4–1.6 |
| VSD | 661 | 3.0 | 111 | 5.0 | 1.7 | 1.4–2.1 | 55 | 5.9 | 2.0 | 1.5–2.6 | 66 | 3.6 | 1.2 | 0.9–1.5 |
| ASD | 40 | 0.2 | 12 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 1.5–5.9 | <5 | _ | _ | __ | 12 | 0.6 | 3.6 | 1.7–7.0 |
| PDA | 74 | 0.3 | 19 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 1.5–4.4 | 6 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 0.7–4.4 | 7 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.4–2.5 |
| Miscellaneous congenital terms | 41 | 0.2 | <5 | _ | _ | _ | <5 | _ | _ | _ | <5 | _ | _ | _ |
*Excluding 218 children with no ethnicity record; IRs per 10 000 infants aged 0–1 years calculated using eligible cases in audit data from 2006–2009; binomial exact method used to estimate CIs for; IRR>1.0 and related CIs shown in bold type. Cell counts <5 are suppressed to reduce disclosure risk. Miscellaneous primary cardiac diagnoses are a group of very rare but severe primary diagnoses, whereas miscellaneous congenital terms comprise miscellaneous structural cardiac defects of varying severity, which are not recognised as distinct primary diagnoses. Isolated subaortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation not shown as ≤10 children per subgroup.
ASD, atrial septal defect; AVSD, atrioventricular septal defect; DORV, double outlet right ventricle; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; TGA, transposition of the great arteries; VSD, ventricular septal defect.