Mean recovery of postoperative area was significantly lower in those exposed to ETS compared with those who were not (p<0.001).

Children resident in households with smokers were at higher risk of cough following previous tonsil/adenoidectomy (p<0.001).

Smoke exposure was not a significant predictor variable for requiring tonsillectomy after previous adenoidectomy.

Once confounding factors were controlled for, only maternal smoking increased risk of recurrent acute otitis media (OR 4.15 95% CI 1.45 to 11.9) after tympanostomy tube insertion.

No significant difference in early ventilation tube extrusion or persistent otorrhea due to passive smoking demonstrated (maternal smoking OR 0.69 CI 95% 0.29 to 1.67).

No significant difference in postoperative complication rates due to ETS exposure.

Indirect smoking not significantly associated with being in poor outcome group.

Multivariate model showed indirect smoking as marginally significant factor (OR 3.377 CI 95% 1.032 to 11.053).

Hazard rate for resolution in ears exposed to parental smoke, 0.61 (CI 95% 0.47 to 0.79). Parental smoking detrimental to clearance of fluid in Cox regression analysis.

Lower median survival of grommet if both parents smoke (59.9 weeks CI 95% 53.9 to 65.9) vs neither parent smokes (86.0 weeks CI 95% 78.7 to 93.3).

Increased infection rate for passive smoke exposure (p <0.001).

Increased myringosclerosis for passive smoke exposure (64% vs 20%, p<0.001).

Rate of second look abnormal findings in no steroid group, 100% in ETS exposed vs 65% in non-ETS exposed; and 43% in ETS exposed vs 25% in non-ETS exposed for steroid-treated group. No statistics calculated.

Univariate analysis showed no significant difference in success rate due to smoke exposure. Multivariate analysis reported cigarette smoke exposure as predictor of success (no statistics presented).

Endoscopic sinus surgery less successful in ETS exposed (70% vs 90%, p=0.007).

Multivariate analysis showed smoke exposure a significant factor (OR 3.7 95% CI 1.2 to 11.3).