Sociodemographic characteristics of the infants’ families pre-randomisation (baseline survey), n (%)
| Characteristic | Placebo (n=25 474) | VAS (n=28 431) |
|---|---|---|
| Married women aged 15–49 years | 23 877 | 26 076 |
| Median (IQR) age, years | 30 (25–40) | 31 (26–40) |
| Maternal literacy | 6623 (28%) | 7544 (29%) |
| Household density | 6.2 | 6.1 |
| Monthly household income | ||
| ≤6000 PKR | 16 437/25 033 (67%) | 18 814/28 260 (68%) |
| >6000 PKR | 8227/25 033 (33%) | 9028/28 260 (32%) |
| Median (IQR) | 5000 (3000–8000) | 5000 (3000–7000) |
| Nature of construction of household | ||
| Pucca (concrete) | 14 289/25 431 (56%) | 12 015/28 390 (42%) |
| Semi-pucca | 5063/25 431 (20%) | 11 251/28 390 (40%) |
| Katcha | 5623/25 431 (22%) | 4774/28 390 (17%) |
| Others | 456/25 431 (2%) | 350/28 390 (1%) |
| Living rooms in the house | ||
| 1 | 8800/25 191 (35%) | 8699/28 272 (31%) |
| ≥2 | 16 365/25 191 (65%) | 19 561/28 272 (69%) |
| Main cooking fuel | ||
| Electricity | 3279/25 474 (13%) | 3742/28 431 (13%) |
| Natural gas | 4829/25 474 (19%) | 3590/28 431 (13%) |
| Firewood | 17 094/25 474 (67%) | 20 764/28 431 (73%) |
| Others | 216/25 474 (1%) | 289/28 431 (1%) |
| Household with electricity | 24 470/25 425 (96%) | 27 816/28 399 (98%) |
| Main drinking water source | ||
| Well/hand pump | 4552/25 429 (18%) | 4826/28 387 (17%) |
| Communal tap/motor pump | 14 978/25 429 (59%) | 17 032/28 387 (60%) |
| Others | 5900/25 429 (23%) | 6529/28 387 (23%) |
| Type of latrine | ||
| Open fields | 9133/25 427 (36%) | 9918/28 385 (35%) |
| Pit latrine | 3983/25 427 (16%) | 4449/28 385 (16%) |
| WC connected to public sewerage/open drains | 12 253/25 427 (48%) | 13 970/28 385 (49%) |
Data are n, n (%) or median (IQR).
N.B. The denominator can vary due to not reported responses.
VAS, vitamin A supplementation.