Characteristic | Total cohort | Never breast fed | Ever breast fed | p Value (ever vs never breast fed) | Univariate analysis of association between covariate and CHAQ >0.75 (OR, 95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | 923 | 410 (44) | 513 (56) | ||
Female, n (%)* | 604 (65) | 262 (64) | 342 (67) | 0.4 | 0.87 (0.61 to 1.23)* |
Caucasian, n (%)* | 831 (90) | 381 (93) | 450 (88) | 0.009 | 1.08 (0.65 to 1.80)* |
Index of Multiple Deprivation category (n=737), n (%)*,† | |||||
Low | 143 (20) | 37 (11) | 106 (26) | <0.001 | Ref |
Medium | 334 (45) | 139 (43) | 195 (47) | 1.33 (0.86 to 2.06) | |
High | 260 (35) | 149 (46) | 111 (27) | 1.76 (1.13 to 2.74) | |
Referral hospital, n (%)* | |||||
Liverpool | 383 (42) | 183 (45) | 200 (39) | <0.001 | Ref |
Manchester | 174 (19) | 83 (20) | 91 (18) | 0.91 (0.60 to 1.38) | |
Glasgow | 139 (15) | 68 (16) | 71 (14) | – | |
Newcastle | 50 (5) | 28 (7) | 22 (4) | 0.87 (0.45 to 1.68) | |
London | 177 (19) | 48 (12) | 129 (25) | 1.07 (0.71 to 1.62) | |
Age at symptom onset (years), median (IQR)* | 6.4 (2.5, 11) | 7.6 (3.2, 11) | 5.7 (2.0, 10) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.93 to 1.01) |
Symptom duration at first visit (months), median (IQR)* | 5.6 (2.9, 12) | 5.6 (2.8, 13) | 5.6 (2.9, 11) | 0.6 | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) |
Active joint count, median (IQR) | 2 (1, 5) | 2 (1, 5) | 2 (1, 5) | 0.6 | – |
Physician Global Assessment (100 mm VAS) (n=743), median (IQR) | 29 (16, 53) | 32 (18, 56) | 28 (15, 50) | 0.03 | – |
ESR (n=570), median (IQR) | 20 (6, 50) | 18 (6, 47) | 22 (7, 53) | 0.1 | – |
Parent global assessment (100 mm VAS) (n=656),median (IQR) | 21 (5, 50) | 39 (10, 64) | 23 (5, 50) | <0.001 | – |
JADAS-71,‡ median (IQR), (n=340)* | 11 (6–18) | 13 (7–20) | 10 (6–17) | 0.02 | 1.10 (1.07 to 1.12) |
Limited joint count, median (IQR)* | 1 (1, 3) | 1 (1, 3) | 1 (1, 3) | 0.3 | 1.09 (1.04 to 1.14) |
Pain (100 mm VAS) (n=664), median (IQR)* | 30 (8, 58) | 29 (7, 54) | 18 (4, 45) | <0.001 | 1.04 (1.03 to 1.05) |
CHAQ score (n=674), median (IQR) | 0.63 (0.13, 1.38) | 0.88 (0.25, 1.63) | 0.63 (0.13, 1.25) | <0.001 | |
% CHAQ >0.75 (n=674), n (%) | 303 (45) | 159 (54) | 144 (38) | <0.001 | |
ILAR subtype, n (%)* | |||||
Systemic | 49 (5) | 23 (6) | 26 (5) | 0.05 | Ref |
Oligoarthritis (persistent) | 427 (46) | 189 (46) | 238 (46) | 0.56 (0.27 to 1.17) | |
Oligoarthritis (extended) | 59 (7) | 28 (7) | 31 (6) | 1.19 (0.43 to 3.31) | |
Polyarthritis (RF−) | 215 (23) | 79 (19) | 136 (27) | 1.69 (0.73 to 3.79) | |
Polyarthritis (RF+) | 27 (3) | 11 (3) | 16 (3) | 2.36 (0.59 to 9.46) | |
Enthesitis related | 52 (6) | 32 (8) | 20 (4) | 0.78 (0.29 to 2.10) | |
Psoriatic | 67 (7) | 36 (8) | 31 (6) | 0.62 (0.24 to 1.57) | |
Undifferentiated | 27 (3) | 12 (3) | 15 (3) | 0.47 (0.14 to 1.60) | |
OR (95% CI) CHAQ >0.75 in ever versus never breast fed (univariable)§ n=737 | 0.68 (0.48 to 0.95) | ||||
OR (95% CI) CHAQ >0.75 in ever versus never breast fed (adjusted)¶ n=737 | 0.61 (0.39 to 0.95) |
*Indicates variables included in multivariable logistic regression analysis.
†Indicates the number of children with the available measure when not present in all children.
‡JADAS-71: composite score of 71 active joint count, Physician Global Assessment, parent general evaluation and ESR.
§AUC 0.55.
¶AUC 0.84.
AUC, area under the curve; CHAQ, Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; ILAR, International League Against Rheumatism; JADAS, Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score; JIA, juvenile idiopathic arthritis; Ref, reference; RF, rheumatoid factor; VAS, visual analogue scale.