Associations between maternal factors in late pregnancy and infant length-for-age z scores at 6 months of age (univariable and multivariable regression)
| Univariable regression | Multivariable regression* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal factors in late pregnancy | Coefficient (95% CI) | p Value | Coefficient (95% CI) | p Value |
| Nutritional and health status | ||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) at 32 weeks gestation | 0.06 (0.03 to 0.09) | <0.001 | 0.04 (0.01 to 0.07) | 0.01 |
| Weight gain during pregnancy (kg) | 0.05 (0.03 to 0.07) | <0.001 | 0.04 (0.01 to 0.06) | 0.004 |
| Depression at 32 weeks' gestation (EPDS) | ||||
| No | Reference | – | ||
| Yes | −0.03 (−0.21 to 0.15) | 0.75 | ||
| Persistent depression (enrolment and 32 weeks) (EPDS) | ||||
| No | Reference | – | ||
| Yes | −0.22 (−0.49 to 0.04) | 0.10 | ||
| Change of diet at 32 weeks gestation | ||||
| No | Reference | – | ||
| Yes | −0.04 (−0.18 to 0.11) | 0.63 | ||
| Meat intake during pregnancy at 32 weeks gestation (no. times per week) | −0.01 (−0.04 to 0.02) | 0.54 | ||
| Use of traditional supplements during pregnancy | ||||
| No | Reference | – | ||
| Yes | −0.25 (−0.70 to 0.21) | 0.29 | ||
| Micronutrient status at 32 weeks | ||||
| Haemoglobin (per 10 g/dL) | −0.30 (−0.80 to 0.20) | 0.25 | ||
| Ferritin (log2 μg/L)† | −0.07 (−0.17 to 0.02) | 0.11 | ||
| B12 (log2 pmol/L)† | −0.16 (−0.34 to 0.02) | 0.08 | ||
| Folate (log2 nmo/L)† | −0.03 (−0.19 to 0.12) | 0.69 | ||
| Vitamin D (per 20 nmol/L) | −0.07 (−0.12 to −0.01) | 0.02 | −0.06 (−0.11 to −0.001) | 0.04 |
| Urinary iodine (log2 μg/L)† | −0.02 (−0.09 to 0.05) | 0.56 | ||
*Model adjusted for maternal age, gravidity, gestational age at enrolment, infant sex and trial intervention.
†log2 transformed—regression coefficient represents mean change in infant length-for-age z score associated with a twofold change in ferritin, B12, folate or iodine.
EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.