Comparison of visual impairments in children with disability (as reported in some key studies)
| Intellectual disability IQ <80* Nielsen310 % | Intellectual disability IQ <50 Nielsen310 % | Down syndrome (school age) Creavin and Brown11 % | Cerebral palsy Surman et al12 Woo et al13 % | Preterm birth O'Connor et al8 Holmström9 % | General population Rahi and Cable1 Nielsen14 Donnelly et al15 % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Visual acuity (VA) ≤6/60 | 3.8 | 22.4 | 1–38 | |||
| VA <6/60 | 9–1112 513 | 0.89 | 0.061 | |||
| VA ≤6/18 | 10.5 | 9 | – | – | 2.58 (≤6/ 24) | 0.1614 |
| VA <6/18 | 0.1315 | |||||
| All refractive errors (hyperopia ≥+2.0 D) | 44 | 55 | 6013 | 198 (<35 weeks) | 4.514 | |
| Myopia | 11 (<−0.5) | 16 (<−0.5) | 13 (<−0.75) | 46.613 (≤1.5) | 10–18.98 (<0) | 1.3915 (≤0.75) |
| Hyperopia (≥+2.0 D) | 24 | – | 10.213 (≥+1.5) | – | 0.1315 | |
| Hyperopia (≥+3.0 D) | 15.3 | 21.8 | 42 | 4–6.68 | 0.914 | |
| Astigmatism (<−1.0 cyl D) | 20.6 | 34.7 | 37.5 | 20.513 (≥3.0) | 13 .78 | 4.1–7.714 (≥1.0) D |
| Strabismus | 27 | – | 25 | 5913 | 13.5–448 9 | 4–7.514 15 |