Table 3

Associations between maternal factors in early pregnancy and infant length-for-age z scores at 6 months of age (univariable and multivariable regression)

	Univariable regression		Multivariable regression*
Maternal factors	Coefficient (95% CI)	p Value	Coefficient (95% CI)	p Value
Demographic factors
Maternal age (years)	0.01 (−0.01 to 0.02)	0.18
Education
Primary school	Reference
Secondary school	0.05 (−0.11 to 0.21)	0.55	0.04 (−0.12 to 0.20)	0.63
University	0.23 (0.03 to 0.43)	0.03	0.18 (−0.12 to 0.20)	0.07
Gravidity
Primgravida	Reference	–
Multigravida	0.01 (−0.12 to 0.13)	0.93
Nutritional and health status
Height (per 5 cm)	0.25 (0.20 to 0.35)	<0.001	0.25 (0.20 to 0.35)	<0.001
Body mass index at enrolment (kg/m²)	0.03 (0.01 to 0.06)	0.02	0.04 (0.01 to 0.07)	0.01
Mid upper arm circumference enrolment(cm)	0.04 (0.01 to 0.07)	0.01
Depression on enrolment (EPDS)
No	Reference	–
Yes	−0.12 (−0.26 to 0.03)	0.11
Antenatal practices
Change of diet when pregnant
No	Reference	–
Yes	0.02 (−0.11 to 0.15)	0.74
Meat intake during pregnancy at enrolment (number of times per week)	0.01 (−0.02 to 0.03)	0.47
Use of traditional supplements during pregnancy	−0.21 (−0.30 to 0.26)	0.88
Micronutrient status
Haemoglobin enrolment (per 10 g/dL)	−0.10 (−0.60 to 0.40)	0.63
Ferritin enrolment (log₂ μg/L)†	−0.04 (−0.12 to 0.04)	0.33
B12 enrolment (log₂ pmol/L)†	0.01 (−0.16 to 0.16)	0.99
Folate enrolment (log₂ nmol/L)†	0.13 (−0.01 to 0.27)	0.07

*Model adjusted for maternal age, gravidity, gestational age at enrolment and trial intervention.
†Log₂ transformed—regression coefficient represents mean change in infant length-for-age z score associated with a twofold change in ferritin, B12 or folate.
EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.