Significant predictors* of severe illnesses in univariate analyses
| Bang et al11 | Duke et al†12 | English et al4 | English et al4 | Weber et al6 | YICSSG 2008‡13 | YICSSG 2008‡13 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–28 days | 0–59 days | 0–6 days | 7–59 days | 0–60 days | 0–6 days | ||
| Abdominal distension | – | – | – | – | – | 4.6 (2.2–9.7) | – |
| Abnormal movements | – | – | 4.5 (2.6–7.6) | 3.3 (2.0–5.6) | – | – | – |
| Bulging fontanelle | – | 18.7 (2.5–141.8) | 2.8 (0.3–32.0) | – | – | 5.6 (1.8–18.0) | 9.6 (3.1–29.9) |
| Chest indrawing | – | 3.7 (1.4–9.9) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Consolability: continues to cry/fuss | – | – | – | – | 2.9 to 4.0‡ | – | – |
| Cyanosis | – | – | 2.4 (1.0–5.6) | – | – | 35.0 (10.0–122.7) | 7.1 (2.5–20.3) |
| Drowsy / unconscious | 40.2 (14.0–116.6) | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Grunting | 7.0 (2.6 –18.7) | – | – | 2.4 (1.3–4.8) | – | 12.6 (4.1–38.7) | 9.7 (5.4–17.4) |
| History of blood in stool | – | – | – | – | – | – | 6.1 (2.2–16.9) |
| History of change in crying | – | – | – | – | 1.9 (1.4–2.7) | – | – |
| History of cough | – | – | – | – | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | – | – |
| History of diarrhoea | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.5 (1.1–2.2) |
| History of fever | – | – | – | – | – | 2.4 (1.8–3.2) | 2.9 (2.3–3.7) |
| History of no cry at birth | – | – | – | – | – | 2.6 (1.3–5.4) | – |
| Hypothermia† | – | 5.3 (1.5–18.8) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Lethargic | – | – | 3.1 (1.8–5.3) | 2.6 (1.5–4.3) | – | 20.5 (13.8–30.5) | 24.0 (15.6–36.9) |
| Nasal flaring | – | – | 2.2 (1.0–4.9) | 3.0 (1.9–4.8) | – | 15.7 (5.7–43.1) | 14.8 (7.8–28.2) |
| Pallor | – | 37.5 (3.2–436.8) | 2.8 (0.3–31.8) | 16.4 (3.4–78.0) | – | ||
| Prolonged capillary refill | – | – | – | – | – | 12.1 (5.2–28.3) | 31.6 (11.8–84.3) |
| Reduced skin turgor | – | – | – | – | – | 3.7 (2.2–6.2) | 15.7 (6.6–37.4) |
| Restless and irritable | – | – | – | – | – | 7.2 (2.4–21.3) | 13.9 (6.8–28.3) |
| Stiff limbs | – | – | – | – | – | 44.9 (10.7–188.2) | 7.8 (2.1–29.2) |
| Sunken eyes | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11.5 (3.7–35.6) |
| Temperature (axillary) 35.0°C | 11.5 (4.5–30.0) | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Unconscious | – | – | 5.0 (1.7–14.3) | 3.9 (1.6–9.6) | – | – | – |
↵* Signs significantly associated with severe illnesses (p values <0.05) not included in final multivariable models; Numbers are univariate ORs with 95% CIs
↵† Axillary temperature<36.0°C
↵‡ Range of ORs for association with severe disease (sepsis, meningitis or hypoxemia)
YICSSG - Young Infants Clinical Signs Study Group.